castigar
Asturian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Probably borrowed from Latin castīgāre, present active infinitive of castīgō (“I chastise, reprimand”).
Verb
[edit]castigar (first-person singular indicative present castigo, past participle castigáu)
Conjugation
[edit]Related terms
[edit]Catalan
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Latin castīgāre (“to chastise, reprimand”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]castigar (first-person singular present castigo, first-person singular preterite castiguí, past participle castigat)
- to punish, to castigate (to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct)
- (figurative) to punish, to work hard, to strain, to afflict
- 2013 September 11, Ernest Alós, “Competir en català”, in El Periódico de Catalunya[1]:
- A l'hora de definir el sector del llibre en català hi ha un factor (a més del llibre infantil i juvenil, amb uns resultats superiors als de ficció i no-ficció per a adults, i el de text, castigat pel reciclatge de llibres) que solen oblidar-se i que ajuda a explicar per què els editors en llengua catalana pateixen mentre la quota de mercat creix.
- When it comes time to define the book sector in Catalan, there is one factor (aside from young adult and children's books, with superior results to those of adult fiction and non-fiction, and that of the text, strained by the reuse of books) which is usually forgotten and which helps to explain why Catalan-language publishers suffer while market share grows.
- to correct (text)
Conjugation
[edit]Synonyms
[edit]- (punish): punir
Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “castigar” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
- “castigar” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
Galician
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Old Galician-Portuguese castigar, from Latin castīgāre, present active infinitive of castīgō (“I chastise, reprimand”), possibly an early borrowing.
Pronunciation
[edit]
- Rhymes: -aɾ
- Hyphenation: cas‧ti‧gar
Verb
[edit]castigar (first-person singular present castigo, first-person singular preterite castiguei, past participle castigado)
Conjugation
[edit]1Less recommended.
Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]- Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “castigar”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
- Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “castigar”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: ILG
- Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “castigar”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
- “castigar”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2024
- Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “castigar”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
- “castigar” in Dicionário Estraviz de galego (2014).
- Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “castigar”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN
Occitan
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Old Occitan [Term?], from Latin castīgāre, present active infinitive of castīgō (“I chastise, reprimand”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]castigar
- to punish, to castigate (to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct)
- (figuratively) to afflict, to cripple
- Serà pas aisit de trobar a me faire embauchar, estant que lo caumatge castiga la vila. ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
Conjugation
[edit]simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | castigar | aver castigat | |||||
gerund | castigant | use gerund of aver + past participle | |||||
past participle | castigat | — | |||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
present | castigui | castigas | castiga | castigam | castigatz | castigan | |
imperfect | castigavi | castigavas | castigava | castigàvem | castigàvetz | castigavan | |
preterite | castiguèri | castiguères | castiguèt | castiguèrem | castiguèretz | castiguèron | |
future | castigarai | castigaràs | castigarà | castigarem | castigaretz | castigaràn | |
conditional | castigariái | castigariás | castigariá | castigariam | castigariatz | castigarián | |
conditional 2nd form1 | castiguèra | castiguèras | castiguèra | castigueram | castigueratz | castiguèran | |
compound tenses |
present perfect | use the present tense of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
past anterior | use the preterite tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | use the future tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | use the conditional tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
present | castigue | castigues | castigue | castiguem | castiguetz | castiguen | |
imperfect | castiguèssi | castiguèsses | castiguèsse | castiguèssem | castiguèssetz | castiguèsson | |
compound tenses |
past | use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle | ||||||
imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
castiga | castiguem | castigatz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | castigar | aver castigat | |||||
gerund | castigant | use gerund of aver + past participle | |||||
past participle | castigat | — | |||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
present | castigue | castigues | castiga | castigam | castigatz | castigon | |
imperfect | castigave | castigaves | castigava | castigaviam | castigaviatz | castigavon | |
preterite | castiguere | castigueres | castiguet | castiguem | castiguetz | castigueron | |
future | castigarai | castigaràs | castigará | castigarem | castigaretz | castigarán | |
conditional | castigariá | castigariás | castigariá | castigariam | castigariatz | castigarián | |
conditional 2nd form1 | castiguèra | castiguèras | castiguèra | castigueram | castigueratz | castiguèran | |
compound tenses |
present perfect | use the present tense of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
past anterior | use the preterite tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | use the future tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | use the conditional tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
present | castigue | castigues | castigue | castigassiam | castigassiatz | castigon | |
imperfect | castiguesse | castiguesses | castiguesse | castiguessiam | castiguessiatz | castiguesson | |
compound tenses |
past | use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle | ||||||
imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
castiga | castigassiam | castigatz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | castigar | aver castigat | |||||
gerund | castigant | use gerund of aver + past participle | |||||
past participle | castigat | — | |||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
present | castigui | castigas | castiga | castigam | castigatz | castigan | |
imperfect | castigavi | castigavas | castigava | castigàvam | castigàvatz | castigavan | |
preterite | castiguèi | castiguès | castiguè | castiguèm | castiguètz | castiguèn | |
future | castigarèi | castigaràs | castigarà | castigaram | castigaratz | castigaràn | |
conditional | castigarí | castigarés | castigaré | castigarem | castigaretz | castigarén | |
conditional 2nd form1 | castiguèra | castiguèras | castiguèra | castigueram | castigueratz | castiguèran | |
compound tenses |
present perfect | use the present tense of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
past anterior | use the preterite tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | use the future tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | use the conditional tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
present | castigui | castigues | castigue | castiguem | castiguetz | castiguen | |
imperfect | castiguèssi | castiguèsses | castiguèsse | castiguèssem | castiguèssetz | castiguèssen | |
compound tenses |
past | use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle | ||||||
imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
castiga | castiguem | castigatz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | castigar | aver castigat | |||||
gerund | castigant | use gerund of aver + past participle | |||||
past participle | castigat | — | |||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
present | castigue | castigas | castiga | castigam | castigatz | castigan | |
imperfect | castigava | castigavas | castigava | castigàvam | castigàvatz | castigavan | |
preterite | castiguei | castigueras | castiguet | castiguèram | castiguèratz | castigueran | |
future | castigarai | castigaràs | castigará | castigarem | castigaretz | castigarán | |
conditional | castigariá | castigariàs | castigariá | castigariam | castigariatz | castigarián | |
conditional 2nd form1 | castiguèra | castiguèras | castiguèra | castigueram | castigueratz | castiguèran | |
compound tenses |
present perfect | use the present tense of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
past anterior | use the preterite tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | use the future tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | use the conditional tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
present | castigue | castigues | castigue | castiguem | castiguetz | castiguen | |
imperfect | castiguèsse | castiguèsses | castiguèsse | castiguèssem | castiguèssetz | castiguèssen | |
compound tenses |
past | use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle | ||||||
imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
castiga | castiguem | castigatz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | castigar | aver castigat | |||||
gerund | castigant | use gerund of aver + past participle | |||||
past participle | castigat | — | |||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | ieu | tu | el | nosautres | vosautres | eles | |
present | castigue | castigues | castiga | castigam | castigatz | castigan | |
imperfect | castigavi | castigavas | castigava | castigàvem | castigàvetz | castigavan | |
preterite | castiguère | castiguères | castiguèt | castigueriam | castigueriatz | castiguèron | |
future | castigarai | castigaràs | castigarà | castigarem | castigaretz | castigaràn | |
conditional | castigariáu | castigariás | castigariá | castigariam | castigariatz | castigarián | |
conditional 2nd form1 | castiguèra | castiguèras | castiguèra | castigueram | castigueratz | castiguèran | |
compound tenses |
present perfect | use the present tense of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
past anterior | use the preterite tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | use the future tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | use the conditional tense of aver + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que ieu | que tu | que el | que nosautres | que vosautres | que eles | |
present | castigue | castigues | castigue | castiguem | castiguetz | castigan | |
imperfect | castiguèsse | castiguèsses | castiguèsse | castiguessiam | castiguessiatz | castiguèsson | |
compound tenses |
past | use the present subjunctive of aver + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | use the imperfect subjunctive of aver + past participle | ||||||
imperative | — | tu | — | nosautres | vosautres | — | |
castiga | castiguem | castigatz | 1Now chiefly obsolete, still in use in some Limousin and Vivaro-Alpin dialects | ||||
Related terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- Diccionari General de la Lenga Occitana, L’Academia occitana – Consistòri del Gai Saber, 2008-2024, page 155.
Portuguese
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese castigar, from Latin castīgāre (“to chastise, to reprimand”), possibly an early borrowing.
Pronunciation
[edit]
- Hyphenation: cas‧ti‧gar
Verb
[edit]castigar (first-person singular present castigo, first-person singular preterite castiguei, past participle castigado)
Conjugation
[edit]1Brazilian Portuguese.
2European Portuguese.
Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]Spanish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Old Spanish castigar, an early borrowing from Latin castīgāre (“to chastise, reprimand”).[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]- IPA(key): /kastiˈɡaɾ/ [kas.t̪iˈɣ̞aɾ]
Audio (Colombia): (file) - Rhymes: -aɾ
- Syllabification: cas‧ti‧gar
Verb
[edit]castigar (first-person singular present castigo, first-person singular preterite castigué, past participle castigado)
- to punish, to castigate (to cause to suffer for crime or misconduct)
- Synonym: punir
- to ground, gate (to punish, especially a child or teenager, by forcing them to stay at home and/or give up certain privileges)
- Antonym: descastigar
Conjugation
[edit]These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.
Related terms
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Joan Coromines, José A. Pascual (1983–1991) Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico (in Spanish), Madrid: Gredos
Further reading
[edit]- “castigar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
- Asturian terms borrowed from Latin
- Asturian terms derived from Latin
- Asturian lemmas
- Asturian verbs
- Catalan terms borrowed from Latin
- Catalan terms derived from Latin
- Catalan terms with IPA pronunciation
- Catalan lemmas
- Catalan verbs
- Catalan first conjugation verbs
- Catalan verbs with g-gu alternation
- Catalan terms with quotations
- Galician terms inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese
- Galician terms derived from Old Galician-Portuguese
- Galician terms derived from Latin
- Galician terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Galician/aɾ
- Rhymes:Galician/aɾ/3 syllables
- Galician lemmas
- Galician verbs
- Galician verbs ending in -ar
- Galician verbs with g-gu alternation
- Galician transitive verbs
- Occitan terms inherited from Old Occitan
- Occitan terms derived from Old Occitan
- Occitan terms derived from Latin
- Occitan terms with audio pronunciation
- Occitan lemmas
- Occitan verbs
- Occitan first group verbs
- Occitan terms with usage examples
- Portuguese terms inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese
- Portuguese terms derived from Old Galician-Portuguese
- Portuguese terms derived from Latin
- Portuguese 3-syllable words
- Portuguese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Portuguese 4-syllable words
- Portuguese lemmas
- Portuguese verbs
- Portuguese verbs ending in -ar
- Portuguese verbs with g-gu alternation
- Spanish terms inherited from Old Spanish
- Spanish terms derived from Old Spanish
- Spanish terms derived from Latin
- Spanish 3-syllable words
- Spanish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Spanish terms with audio pronunciation
- Rhymes:Spanish/aɾ
- Rhymes:Spanish/aɾ/3 syllables
- Spanish lemmas
- Spanish verbs
- Spanish verbs ending in -ar
- Spanish verbs with g-gu alternation