punir
Catalan
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Old Catalan punir, from Latin pūnīre.
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]punir (first-person singular present puneixo, first-person singular preterite puní, past participle punit)
- (transitive) to punish
- Synonym: castigar
Conjugation
[edit]infinitive | punir | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gerund | punint | ||||||
past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
singular | punit | punida | |||||
plural | punits | punides | |||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | jo | tu | ell/ella vostè |
nosaltres nós |
vosaltres vós |
ells/elles vostès | |
present | puneixo | puneixes | puneix | punim | puniu | puneixen | |
imperfect | punia | punies | punia | puníem | puníeu | punien | |
future | puniré | puniràs | punirà | punirem | punireu | puniran | |
preterite | puní | punires | puní | punírem | puníreu | puniren | |
conditional | puniria | puniries | puniria | puniríem | puniríeu | punirien | |
subjunctive | jo | tu | ell/ella vostè |
nosaltres nós |
vosaltres vós |
ells/elles vostès | |
present | puneixi | puneixis | puneixi | punim | puniu | puneixin | |
imperfect | punís | punissis | punís | puníssim | puníssiu | punissin | |
imperative | — | tu | vostè | nosaltres | vosaltres vós |
vostès | |
affirmative | — | puneix | puneixi | punim | puniu | puneixin | |
negative (no) | — | no puneixis | no puneixi | no punim | no puniu | no puneixin |
Related terms
[edit]References
[edit]- “punir” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
- “punir” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
French
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Middle French punir, from Old French punir, from Latin pūnīre. May have been borrowed due to its late appearance.
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]punir
- to punish
Conjugation
[edit]This is a regular verb of the second conjugation, like finir, choisir, and most other verbs with infinitives ending in -ir. One salient feature of this conjugation is the repeated appearance of the infix -iss-.
infinitive | simple | punir | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
present participle or gerund1 | simple | punissant /py.ni.sɑ̃/ | |||||
compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
past participle | puni /py.ni/ | ||||||
singular | plural | ||||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | punis /py.ni/ |
punis /py.ni/ |
punit /py.ni/ |
punissons /py.ni.sɔ̃/ |
punissez /py.ni.se/ |
punissent /py.nis/ |
imperfect | punissais /py.ni.sɛ/ |
punissais /py.ni.sɛ/ |
punissait /py.ni.sɛ/ |
punissions /py.ni.sjɔ̃/ |
punissiez /py.ni.sje/ |
punissaient /py.ni.sɛ/ | |
past historic2 | punis /py.ni/ |
punis /py.ni/ |
punit /py.ni/ |
punîmes /py.nim/ |
punîtes /py.nit/ |
punirent /py.niʁ/ | |
future | punirai /py.ni.ʁe/ |
puniras /py.ni.ʁa/ |
punira /py.ni.ʁa/ |
punirons /py.ni.ʁɔ̃/ |
punirez /py.ni.ʁe/ |
puniront /py.ni.ʁɔ̃/ | |
conditional | punirais /py.ni.ʁɛ/ |
punirais /py.ni.ʁɛ/ |
punirait /py.ni.ʁɛ/ |
punirions /py.ni.ʁjɔ̃/ |
puniriez /py.ni.ʁje/ |
puniraient /py.ni.ʁɛ/ | |
(compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | punisse /py.nis/ |
punisses /py.nis/ |
punisse /py.nis/ |
punissions /py.ni.sjɔ̃/ |
punissiez /py.ni.sje/ |
punissent /py.nis/ |
imperfect2 | punisse /py.nis/ |
punisses /py.nis/ |
punît /py.ni/ |
punissions /py.ni.sjɔ̃/ |
punissiez /py.ni.sje/ |
punissent /py.nis/ | |
(compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | – | – | ||||
simple | — | punis /py.ni/ |
— | punissons /py.ni.sɔ̃/ |
punissez /py.ni.se/ |
— | |
compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). |
Related terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “punir”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Galician
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]punir (first-person singular present puno, first-person singular preterite punín, past participle punido)
punir (first-person singular present puno, first-person singular preterite punim or puni, past participle punido, reintegrationist norm)
- (transitive) to punish
- Synonym: castigar
Conjugation
[edit]Singular | Plural | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
First-person (eu) |
Second-person (ti) |
Third-person (el / ela / Vde.) |
First-person (nós) |
Second-person (vós) |
Third-person (eles / elas / Vdes.) | |
Infinitive | ||||||
Impersonal | punir | |||||
Personal | punir | punires | punir | punirmos | punirdes | puniren |
Gerund | ||||||
punindo | ||||||
Past participle | ||||||
Masculine | punido | punidos | ||||
Feminine | punida | punidas | ||||
Indicative | ||||||
Present | puno | punes | pune | punimos | punides | punen |
Imperfect | punía | punías | punía | puniamos | puniades | punían |
Preterite | punín | puniches | puniu | punimos | punistes | puniron |
Pluperfect | punira | puniras | punira | puniramos | punirades | puniran |
Future | punirei | punirás | punirá | puniremos | puniredes | punirán |
Conditional | puniría | punirías | puniría | puniriamos | puniriades | punirían |
Subjunctive | ||||||
Present | puna | punas | puna | punamos | punades | punan |
Imperfect | punise | punises | punise | punísemos | punísedes | punisen |
Future | punir | punires | punir | punirmos | punirdes | puniren |
Imperative | ||||||
Affirmative | pune | puna | punamos | punide | punan | |
Negative (non) | non punas | non puna | non punamos | non punades | non punan |
1Less recommended.
Related terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “punir”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, since 2012
- “punir” in Dicionário Estraviz de galego (2014).
Middle French
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Old French punir, from Latin pūnīre, present infinitive of pūniō.
Verb
[edit]punir
- to punish
Descendants
[edit]- French: punir
Occitan
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Old Occitan punir, from Latin pūnīre, present infinitive of pūniō.
Pronunciation
[edit]Audio: (file)
Verb
[edit]punir
Conjugation
[edit]This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Related terms
[edit]Old French
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Latin pūnīre, present infinitive of pūniō.
Verb
[edit]punir
- to punish
Conjugation
[edit]This verb conjugates as a second-group verb (ending in -ir, with an -iss- infix). Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | punir | avoir puni | |||||
gerund | en punissant | gerund of avoir + past participle | |||||
present participle | punissant | ||||||
past participle | puni | ||||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | jo | tu | il | nos | vos | il | |
simple tenses |
present | punis | punis | punist | punissons | punissez | punissent |
imperfect | punissoie, punisseie | punissoies, punisseies | punissoit, punisseit | punissiiens, punissiens | punissiiez, punissiez | punissoient, punisseient | |
preterite | puni | punis | puni | punimes | punistes | punirent | |
future | punirai | puniras | punira | punirons | puniroiz, punireiz, punirez | puniront | |
conditional | puniroie, punireie | puniroies, punireies | puniroit, punireit | puniriiens, puniriens | puniriiez, puniriez | puniroient, punireient | |
compound tenses |
present perfect | present tense of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past anterior | preterite tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que jo | que tu | qu’il | que nos | que vos | qu’il | |
simple tenses |
present | punisse | punisses | punisse | punissons | punissez | punissent |
imperfect | punisse | punisses | punist | punissons, punissiens | punissoiz, punissez, punissiez | punissent | |
compound tenses |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – | |
— | punis | — | punissons | punissez | — |
Descendants
[edit]Old Occitan
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Latin pūnīre, present infinitive of pūniō.
Verb
[edit]punir
- to punish
Descendants
[edit]- Occitan: punir
Portuguese
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]
- Hyphenation: pu‧nir
Verb
[edit]punir (first-person singular present puno, first-person singular preterite puni, past participle punido)
- (transitive) to punish
Conjugation
[edit]Singular | Plural | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
First-person (eu) |
Second-person (tu) |
Third-person (ele / ela / você) |
First-person (nós) |
Second-person (vós) |
Third-person (eles / elas / vocês) | |
Infinitive | ||||||
Impersonal | punir | |||||
Personal | punir | punires | punir | punirmos | punirdes | punirem |
Gerund | ||||||
punindo | ||||||
Past participle | ||||||
Masculine | punido | punidos | ||||
Feminine | punida | punidas | ||||
Indicative | ||||||
Present | puno | punes | pune | punimos | punis | punem |
Imperfect | punia | punias | punia | puníamos | puníeis | puniam |
Preterite | puni | puniste | puniu | punimos | punistes | puniram |
Pluperfect | punira | puniras | punira | puníramos | puníreis | puniram |
Future | punirei | punirás | punirá | puniremos | punireis | punirão |
Conditional | puniria | punirias | puniria | puniríamos | puniríeis | puniriam |
Subjunctive | ||||||
Present | puna | punas | puna | punamos | punais | punam |
Imperfect | punisse | punisses | punisse | puníssemos | punísseis | punissem |
Future | punir | punires | punir | punirmos | punirdes | punirem |
Imperative | ||||||
Affirmative | pune | puna | punamos | puni | punam | |
Negative (não) | não punas | não puna | não punamos | não punais | não punam |
Related terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “punir”, in iDicionário Aulete (in Portuguese), Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon Editora Digital, 2008–2024
- “punir” in Dicionário inFormal (in Portuguese), 2006–2024
- “punir” in Dicionário Aberto based on Novo Diccionário da Língua Portuguesa de Cândido de Figueiredo, 1913
- “punir”, in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2024
- “punir”, in Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), São Paulo: Editora Melhoramentos, 2015–2024
- “punir”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2024
Spanish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]punir (first-person singular present puno, first-person singular preterite puní, past participle punido)
- (transitive) to punish
- Synonym: castigar
Conjugation
[edit]infinitive | punir | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gerund | puniendo | ||||||
past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
singular | punido | punida | |||||
plural | punidos | punidas | |||||
singular | plural | ||||||
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
indicative | yo | tú vos |
él/ella/ello usted |
nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ellos/ellas ustedes | |
present | puno | punestú punísvos |
pune | punimos | punís | punen | |
imperfect | punía | punías | punía | puníamos | puníais | punían | |
preterite | puní | puniste | punió | punimos | punisteis | punieron | |
future | puniré | punirás | punirá | puniremos | puniréis | punirán | |
conditional | puniría | punirías | puniría | puniríamos | puniríais | punirían | |
subjunctive | yo | tú vos |
él/ella/ello usted |
nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ellos/ellas ustedes | |
present | puna | punastú punásvos2 |
puna | punamos | punáis | punan | |
imperfect (ra) |
puniera | punieras | puniera | puniéramos | punierais | punieran | |
imperfect (se) |
puniese | punieses | puniese | puniésemos | punieseis | puniesen | |
future1 | puniere | punieres | puniere | puniéremos | puniereis | punieren | |
imperative | — | tú vos |
usted | nosotros nosotras |
vosotros vosotras |
ustedes | |
affirmative | punetú punívos |
puna | punamos | punid | punan | ||
negative | no punas | no puna | no punamos | no punáis | no punan |
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.
Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “punir”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
- Catalan terms inherited from Old Catalan
- Catalan terms derived from Old Catalan
- Catalan terms inherited from Latin
- Catalan terms derived from Latin
- Catalan terms with IPA pronunciation
- Catalan terms with audio links
- Catalan lemmas
- Catalan verbs
- Catalan third conjugation verbs
- Catalan third conjugation verbs with -eix-
- Catalan transitive verbs
- French terms inherited from Middle French
- French terms derived from Middle French
- French terms inherited from Old French
- French terms derived from Old French
- French terms inherited from Latin
- French terms derived from Latin
- French 2-syllable words
- French terms with IPA pronunciation
- French terms with audio links
- French lemmas
- French verbs
- French verbs with conjugation -ir
- French second group verbs
- Galician terms derived from Latin
- Galician terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Galician/iɾ
- Rhymes:Galician/iɾ/2 syllables
- Galician lemmas
- Galician verbs
- Galician verbs ending in -ir
- Galician transitive verbs
- Middle French terms inherited from Old French
- Middle French terms derived from Old French
- Middle French terms inherited from Latin
- Middle French terms derived from Latin
- Middle French lemmas
- Middle French verbs
- Occitan terms inherited from Old Occitan
- Occitan terms derived from Old Occitan
- Occitan terms inherited from Latin
- Occitan terms derived from Latin
- Occitan terms with audio links
- Occitan lemmas
- Occitan verbs
- Occitan second group verbs
- Old French terms inherited from Latin
- Old French terms derived from Latin
- Old French lemmas
- Old French verbs
- Old French verbs with weak-i preterite
- Old French second group verbs
- Old French verbs ending in -ir
- Old Occitan terms inherited from Latin
- Old Occitan terms derived from Latin
- Old Occitan lemmas
- Old Occitan verbs
- Portuguese terms derived from Latin
- Portuguese 2-syllable words
- Portuguese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Portuguese 3-syllable words
- Portuguese lemmas
- Portuguese verbs
- Portuguese verbs ending in -ir
- Portuguese transitive verbs
- Spanish terms borrowed from Latin
- Spanish terms derived from Latin
- Spanish 2-syllable words
- Spanish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Spanish/iɾ
- Rhymes:Spanish/iɾ/2 syllables
- Spanish lemmas
- Spanish verbs
- Spanish verbs ending in -ir
- Spanish transitive verbs