刑罰

See also: 刑罚

Chinese

		punishment	to punish; to penalize
trad. (刑罰)		刑	罰
simp. (刑罚)		刑	罚

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): xíngfá

  (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄥˊ ㄈㄚˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): jing⁴ fat⁶
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): hìn-fa̍t
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): hêng-hoa̍t

  (Teochew, Peng'im): hêng⁵ huag⁸

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: xíngfá
    • Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄥˊ ㄈㄚˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: síngfá
    • Wade–Giles: hsing²-fa²
    • Yale: syíng-fá
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyngfar
    • Palladius: синфа (sinfa)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕiŋ³⁵ fä³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: jing⁴ fat⁶
    • Yale: yìhng faht
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jing⁴ fat⁹
    • Guangdong Romanization: ying⁴ fed⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɪŋ²¹ fɐt̚²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hìn-fa̍t
    • Hakka Romanization System: hin^ˇ fad
    • Hagfa Pinyim: hin² fad⁶
    • Sinological IPA: /hin¹¹ fat̚⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hêng-hoa̍t
    • Tâi-lô: hîng-hua̍t
    • Phofsit Daibuun: henghoat
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /hiɪŋ²⁴⁻²² huat̚⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /hiɪŋ²⁴⁻²² huat̚²⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /hiɪŋ¹³⁻²² huat̚¹²¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Taipei): /hiɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ huat̚⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /hiɪŋ²³⁻³³ huat̚⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: hêng⁵ huag⁸
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hêng hua̍k
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /heŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ huak̚⁴/

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• Middle Chinese: heng bjot

Rime
Character	刑	罰
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)	並 (3)
Final (韻)	青 (125)	月 (68)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	IV	III
Fanqie	戸經切	房越切
Baxter	heng	bjot
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦeŋ/	/bʉɐt̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦeŋ/	/bʷiɐt̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣɛŋ/	/biuɐt̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦɛjŋ/	/buat̚/
Li Rong	/ɣeŋ/	/biuɐt̚/
Wang Li	/ɣieŋ/	/bĭwɐt̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ɣieŋ/	/bʱi̯wɐt̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xíng	fá
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jing4	faat6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɢ]ˤeŋ  [b][a]t/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡeːŋ  bad/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	刑	罰
Reading #	1/2	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xíng	fá
Middle Chinese	‹ heng ›	‹ bjot ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɢ]ˁeŋ/	/*[b][a]t/
English	punish(ment)	punish
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	刑	罰
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	6861	2865
Phonetic component	井	罰
Rime group	耕	月
Rime subdivision	0	3
Corresponding MC rime	㓝	伐
Old Chinese	/*ɡeːŋ/	/*bad/

Noun

刑罰

1. (law) penalty; sentence; punishment

   • 凡國失火，野焚萊，則有刑罰焉。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     凡国失火，野焚莱，则有刑罚焉。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Rites of Zhou, circa 3^rd century BCE

     Fán guó shīhuǒ, yě fén lái, zé yǒu xíngfá yān. [Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Synonyms

• (literary, or in compounds) 刑 (xíng)

Verb

刑罰

1. (Mainland China Hokkien) to punish; to tease

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (刑罰):

• → Japanese: 刑罰(けいばつ) (keibatsu)
• → Korean: 형벌(刑罰) (hyeongbeol)
• → Vietnamese: hình phạt (刑罰)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
刑	罰
けい Grade: S	ばつ Grade: S
on'yomi

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) けーばつ [kéꜜèbàtsù] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [ke̞ːba̠t͡sɨ]

Noun

刑(けい)罰(ばつ) • (keibatsu) 

1. a penalty
2. punishment

Synonyms

• 刑(けい) (kei)
• 罰(ばつ) (batsu)

References

• “刑罰”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026

Korean

Hanja in this term
刑	罰

Noun

刑罰 • (hyeongbeol) (hangeul 형벌)

1. hanja form^? of 형벌 (“punishment; penalty”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
刑	罰

Noun

刑罰

1. chữ Hán form of hình phạt (“punishment”)