pernicious

English

Etymology 1

From Middle English, from Old French pernicios, from Latin perniciōsus (“destructive”), from perniciēs (“destruction”), from per (“through”) + nex (“slaughter, death”).

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /pəˈnɪʃəs/
• (General American) IPA^(key): /pɚˈnɪʃəs/

• Audio (US)

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɪʃəs

Adjective

pernicious (comparative more pernicious, superlative most pernicious)

1. Causing much harm in a subtle way.

   Synonyms: deleterious, (obsolete) venom

   • c. 1603–1604 (date written), William Shakespeare, “Measure for Measure”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act II, scene iv], page 70, column 1:

     Ang. Belieue me on mine Honor,
     My words expreſſe my purpoſe.
     Iſa. Ha? Little honor, to be much beleeu'd,
     And moſt pernitious purpoſe: Seeming, ſeeming.
     I will proclaime thee Angelo, looke for't.

   • 1838, [Letitia Elizabeth] Landon (indicated as editor), chapter XVIII, in Duty and Inclination: […], volume III, London: Henry Colburn, […], →OCLC, page 231:

     […] her health also having suffered by the change, she immediately, when told of Douglas's projected departure from India, felt the strongest desire to accompany him; and to which Colonel Melbourne the more readily consented, having with reluctance yielded to her request of quitting England, willing as he had been to sacrifice the enjoyment of her society rather than that she should submit to the disadvantages attendant upon a residence in a clime usually found so pernicious to the female constitution.

   • 1911, Emma Goldman, “The Hypocrisy of Puritanism”, in Anarchism and Other Essays:

     Puritanism no longer employs the thumbscrew and lash; but it still has a most pernicious hold on the minds and feelings of the American people.

   • 2017 March 22, Jacob Kastrenakes, “Medium launches memberships for $5 per month”, in The Verge‎^[1]:

     In January, the company laid off a third of its staff and renounced ads as a pernicious influence on the world, without mentioning that Google and Facebook are so good at ads there’s hardly room for anyone else to compete.

   • 2019 July 9, Toni Bentley, “What Do the Sex Lives of ‘Three Women’ Tell Us About Female Desire?”, in New York Times‎^[2]:

     A man has always been a woman’s best excuse to avoid her destiny; that a man is her destiny is one of patriarchy’s most pernicious tenets. What a scam.

2. Causing death or injury; deadly.

   Synonym: attery

3. (of a person) Insidiously villainous: intending to cause harm, especially in a subtle way.

Derived terms

• pernicious anemia
• pernicious scale
• perniciousness
• perniciously

Translations

causing much harm

• Bulgarian: па́губен (bg) (páguben)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 有害 (zh) (yǒuhài)

• Dutch: schadelijk (nl), destructief (nl), verderfelijk (nl)
• Finnish: turmiollinen (fi), haitallinen (fi), tuhoisa (fi)
• French: nocif (fr), malsain (fr), pernicieux (fr)
• Georgian: მავნე (mavne), მავნებელი (mavnebeli), საზიანო (saziano), მაწყინარი (mac̣q̇inari)
• German: schädlich (de), bösartig (de), verderblich (de), (medicine) perniziös (de)
• Greek: ολέθριος (el) m (oléthrios)
• Hungarian: ártalmas (hu)
• Italian: pernicioso (it)
• Japanese: 有害な (ゆうがいな, yūkai na)
• Latin: perniciosus
• Macedonian: погубен m (poguben)
• Polish: groźny (pl) m, szkodliwy (pl), zgubny (pl) m
• Portuguese: pernicioso (pt)
• Romanian: pernicios (ro), vătămător (ro), dăunător (ro)
• Russian: тлетво́рный (ru) (tletvórnyj), па́губный (ru) (págubnyj), зловредный (ru) m (zlovrednyj)
• Scottish Gaelic: sgriosail
• Serbo-Croatian: štetan (sh)
• Spanish: pernicioso (es)
• Swedish: fördärvlig (sv)
• Turkish: habis (tr), muzır (tr), (medicine) pernisiyöz, zararlı (tr)
• Ukrainian: згубний m (zhubnyj), шкідливий m (škidlyvyj)

causing death or injury

• Bulgarian: ги́белен (bg) (gíbelen), па́губен (bg) (páguben)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 致命 (zh) (zhìmìng)

• Dutch: dodelijk (nl), schadelijk (nl)
• Finnish: tappava (fi)
• French: nocif (fr), délétère (fr), nuisible (fr), dangereux (fr)
• German: (medicine) perniziös (de), tödlich (de)
• Greek: ολέθριος (el) m (oléthrios), θανατηφόρος (el) m (thanatifóros)
• Hungarian: veszedelmes (hu)
• Japanese: 致命的な (ちめいてきな, chimeiteki na)
• Macedonian: погубен m (poguben)
• Polish: zgubny (pl)
• Portuguese: mórbido (pt)
• Romanian: pernicios (ro), vătămător (ro), dăunător (ro)
• Russian: вре́дный (ru) (vrédnyj), ги́бельный (ru) (gíbelʹnyj)
• Serbo-Croatian: poguban (sh)
• Spanish: pernicioso (es)
• Turkish: ölümcül (tr), (medicine) pernisiyöz

Etymology 2

Analyzable as pernīx ("swift") + -ious.

Adjective

pernicious (comparative more pernicious, superlative most pernicious)

1. (obsolete) swift; celeritous.

Related terms

• pernicity

Anagrams

• superionic