Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kinþą

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative forms

• *kindą

Etymology

From Pre-Germanic *ǵénh₁tom, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁- (“to bear, give birth”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkin.θɑ̃/

Noun

*kinþą n

1. child

Inflection

neuter a-stemDeclension of *kinþą (neuter a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*kinþą	*kinþō
vocative	*kinþą	*kinþō
accusative	*kinþą	*kinþō
genitive	*kinþas, *kinþis	*kinþǫ̂
dative	*kinþai	*kinþamaz
instrumental	*kinþō	*kinþamiz

Related terms

• *kinþiz
• *kunją

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *kind
  • Old Frisian: kind
  • Old Saxon: kind
    • Middle Low German: kind, kint, kynd
      • Dutch Low Saxon: kind, kiend, keend
      • German Low German: Kind
      • → Old Frisian: kind
        • West Frisian: kyn
  • Old Dutch: kint
    • Middle Dutch: kint
      • Dutch: kind
        • Afrikaans: kind
        • Jersey Dutch: känt
        • Negerhollands: kind, kint, kin, ken
        • Skepi Creole Dutch: kente, kinte
      • Limburgish: kindj
  • Old High German: kind, kint, chind
    • Middle High German: kind, kint
      • Alemannic German: Chind

        Swabian: Kend

        Vorarlbergerisch: Kiand

        Walser: Chend

      • Bavarian:

        Cimbrian: khinn

        Viennese: Kind

      • Central Franconian: Kend, Kenk

        Eifelisch: King, Kond, Könd

        Hunsrik: Kind

        Kölsch: Kind

        Luxembourgish: Kand

      • East Central German:

        Erzgebirgisch: [kʰɪnt]

        Vilamovian: kynd

      • German: Kind
        • →? Italian: citto
      • Rhine Franconian: Kind, Kend, Keend, Kenn, Kinn

        Frankfurterisch: [kʰint]

        Pennsylvania German: Kind

      • Yiddish: קינד (kind)
• Gothic: *𐌺𐌹𐌽𐌳 (*kind) (adduced from personal names)
  • ⇒ Old High German: Cendamirus
  • ⇒ Old High German: Censindus
  • ⇒ Old High German: Cindaswinth
  • ⇒ Old High German: Cintila

References

• Guus Kroonen (2013) “PGm. *kinþa- ~ *kinda- n. ‘child’”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 288