दया

See also: द्य, दिया, and द्यु

Hindi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit दया (dayā).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Hindi) IPA^(key): /d̪ə.jɑː/, [d̪ɐ.jäː]

Noun

दया • (dayā) f (Urdu spelling دیا)

1. pity, mercy, compassion

   मुझे उस पर दया आ गई। ― mujhe us par dayā ā gaī ― I took pity on him.

   उसका दिल दया से पिघल गया। ― uskā dil dayā se pighal gayā ― His heart melted with pity.

Declension

Declension of दया (fem ā-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	दया dayā	दयाएँ dayāẽ
oblique	दया dayā	दयाओं dayāõ
vocative	दया dayā	दयाओ dayāo

Proper noun

दया • (dayā) f

1. a female given name, Daya, from Sanskrit

Declension

Declension of दया (sg-only fem ā-stem)

	singular
direct	दया dayā
oblique	दया dayā
vocative	दया dayā

Synonyms

• रहम (raham)

References

• Dāsa, Śyāmasundara (1965–1975), “दया”, in Hindī Śabdasāgara [lit. “Sea of Hindi words”] (in Hindi), Kashi [Varanasi]: Nagari Pracarini Sabha, page 2215
• Caturvedi, Mahendra; Bhola Nath Tiwari (1970), “दया”, in A practical Hindi-English dictionary, Delhi: National Publishing House, page 305
• McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993), “दया”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press, page 479
• Bahri, Hardev (1989), “दया”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons, page 300.

Marathi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit दया (dayā).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /d̪ə.ja/

Noun

दया • (dayā) f

1. kindness, mercy, pity

   Synonym: करुणा (karuṇā)

Declension

Declension of दया (fem ā-stem)

	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन
nominative प्रथमा	दया dayā	दया dayā
oblique सामान्यरूप	दये daye	दयां- dayāṁ
accusative / dative द्वितीया / चतुर्थी	दयेला dayelā	दयांना dayāṁnā
ergative	दयेने, दयेनं dayene, dayena	दयांनी dayāṁnī
instrumental	दयेशी dayeśī	दयांशी dayāṁśī
locative सप्तमी	दयेत dayet	दयांत dayāṁta
vocative संबोधन	दये daye	दयांनो dayāṁno

Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions.
There is no space between the stem and the postposition.
Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition.

Genitive declension of दया (fem ā-stem)

	masculine object पुल्लिंगी कर्म		feminine object स्त्रीलिंगी कर्म		neuter object नपुसकलिंगी कर्म		oblique सामान्यरूप
	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular* एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन
singular subject एकवचनी कर्ता	दयेचा dayecā	दयेचे dayece	दयेची dayecī	दयेच्या dayecyā	दयेचे, दयेचं dayece, dayeca	दयेची dayecī	दयेच्या dayecyā
plural subject अनेकवचनी कर्ता	दयांचा dayāṁcā	दयांचे dayāṁce	दयांची dayāṁcī	दयांच्या dayāṁcyā	दयांचे, दयांचं dayāṁce, dayāṁca	दयांची dayāṁcī	दयांच्या dayāṁcyā

^* Note: Word-final ए (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as अ (a).
Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition.

References

• Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983), “दया”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• দয়া (Assamese script)
• ᬤᬬᬵ (Balinese script)
• দয়া (Bengali script)
• 𑰟𑰧𑰯 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀤𑀬𑀸 (Brahmi script)
• ဒယာ (Burmese script)
• દયા (Gujarati script)
• ਦਯਾ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌦𑌯𑌾 (Grantha script)
• ꦢꦪꦴ (Javanese script)
• 𑂠𑂨𑂰 (Kaithi script)
• ದಯಾ (Kannada script)
• ទយា (Khmer script)
• ທຍາ (Lao script)
• ദയാ (Malayalam script)
• ᡩᠠᠶᠠᢇ (Manchu script)
• 𑘟𑘧𑘰 (Modi script)
• ᢑᠠᠶ᠋ᠠ᠋᠎ᠠ (Mongolian script)
• 𑦿𑧇𑧑 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐡𑐫𑐵 (Newa script)
• ଦଯା (Odia script)
• ꢣꢫꢵ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆢𑆪𑆳 (Sharada script)
• 𑖟𑖧𑖯 (Siddham script)
• දයා (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩭𑩻𑩛 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚛𑚣𑚭 (Takri script)
• த³யா (Tamil script)
• దయా (Telugu script)
• ทยา (Thai script)
• ད་ཡཱ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒠𑒨𑒰 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨛𑨪𑨊 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From the root दय् (day, “to divide, impart, take part in”) +‎ -आ (-ā).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /dɐ.jɑ́ː/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /d̪ɐ.jɑː/
• Hyphenation: द‧या

Noun

द॒या • (dayā́) stem, f

1. sympathy
2. compassion
3. pity
4. mercy

Declension

Feminine ā-stem declension of द॒या

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	द॒या (dayā́)	द॒ये (dayé)	द॒याः (dayā́ḥ)
accusative	द॒याम् (dayā́m)	द॒ये (dayé)	द॒याः (dayā́ḥ)
instrumental	द॒यया॑ (dayáyā) द॒या¹ (dayā́¹)	द॒याभ्या॑म् (dayā́bhyām)	द॒याभिः॑ (dayā́bhiḥ)
dative	द॒यायै॑ (dayā́yai)	द॒याभ्या॑म् (dayā́bhyām)	द॒याभ्यः॑ (dayā́bhyaḥ)
ablative	द॒यायाः॑ (dayā́yāḥ) द॒यायै॑² (dayā́yai²)	द॒याभ्या॑म् (dayā́bhyām)	द॒याभ्यः॑ (dayā́bhyaḥ)
genitive	द॒यायाः॑ (dayā́yāḥ) द॒यायै॑² (dayā́yai²)	द॒ययोः॑ (dayáyoḥ) द॒योः¹ (dayóḥ¹)	द॒याना॑म् (dayā́nām)
locative	द॒याया॑म् (dayā́yām)	द॒ययोः॑ (dayáyoḥ) द॒योः¹ (dayóḥ¹)	द॒यासु॑ (dayā́su)
vocative	दये॑ (dáye)	दये॑ (dáye)	दयाः॑ (dáyāḥ)

• ¹Vedic
• ²Brāhmaṇas

Descendants

• → Bengali: দয়া (doẏa)
• → Hindi: दया (dayā)
• → Marathi: दया (dayā)
• → Old Javanese: dayā
• → Pali: dayā
• → Tamil: தயை (tayai), தயவு (tayavu)
• → Malayalam: ദയ (daya), ദയവ് (dayavŭ)

Further reading

• Monier Williams (1899), “दया”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 469, column 3.