fume
English[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Middle English fume, from Old French fum (“smoke, steam, vapour”), from Latin fūmus (“vapour, smoke”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰuh₂mós (“smoke”), from *dʰewh₂- (“to smoke, raise dust”). Doublet of thymus and thymos. More at dun, dusk, dust.
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
fume (plural fumes)
- A gas or vapour/vapor that is strong-smelling or dangerous to inhale.
- Don't stand around in there breathing the fumes while the adhesive cures.
- 1753, Thomas Warton, Ode
- the fumes of new-shorn hay
- A material that has been vaporized from the solid or liquid state to the gas state and re-coalesced to the solid state.
- Lead fume is a greyish powder, mainly comprising lead sulfate.
- Rage or excitement which deprives the mind of self-control.
- the fumes of passion
- 1692–1717, Robert South, Twelve Sermons Preached upon Several Occasions, volume (please specify |volume=I to VI), 6th edition, London: […] J[ames] Bettenham, for Jonah Bowyer, […], published 1727, OCLC 21766567:
- The Fumes of his Passion do as really intoxicate and confound his judging and discerning Faculty , as the Fumes of Drink discompose and stupify the Brain of a Man over - charged with it.
- Anything unsubstantial or airy; idle conceit; vain imagination.
- a. 1627 (date written), Francis [Bacon], “Considerations Touching a VVarre vvith Spaine. […]”, in William Rawley, editor, Certaine Miscellany VVorks of the Right Honourable Francis Lo. Verulam, Viscount S. Alban. […], London: […] I. Hauiland for Humphrey Robinson, […], published 1629, OCLC 557721855:
- a show of fumes and fancies
- The incense of praise; inordinate flattery.
- 1638, Robert Burton, The Anatomy of Melancholy
- to smother him with fumes and eulogies
- 1638, Robert Burton, The Anatomy of Melancholy
- (obsolete) A passionate person.
Usage notes[edit]
- In the sense of strong-smelling or dangerous vapor, the noun is typically plural, as in the example.
Translations[edit]
Verb[edit]
fume (third-person singular simple present fumes, present participle fuming, simple past and past participle fumed)
- (transitive) To expose (something) to fumes; specifically, to expose wood, etc., to ammonia in order to produce dark tints.
- (transitive) To apply or offer incense to.
- 1740, John Dyer, “The Ruins of Rome. A Poem.”, in Poems. [...] Viz. I. Grongar Hill. II. The Ruins of Rome. III. The Fleece, in Four Books, London: Printed by John Hughs, for Messrs. R[obert] and J[ames] Dodsley, […], published 1759, OCLC 991281870, pages 42–43:
- Tyrian garbs, / Neptunian Albion's high teſtaceous food [i.e., oysters], / And flavour'd Chian wines with incenſe fum'd / To ſlake Patrician thirſt: for theſe, their rights / In the vile ſtreets they proſtitute to ſale; / Their ancient rights, their dignities, their laws, / Their native glorious freedom.
- (intransitive) To emit fumes.
- 1667, John Milton, “Book 10”, in Paradise Lost. A Poem Written in Ten Books, London: […] [Samuel Simmons], […], OCLC 228722708; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, OCLC 230729554:
- where the golden altar fumed
- a. 1686, Earl of Roscommon [i.e., Wentworth Dillon, 4th Earl of Roscommon]; Samuel Johnson, “Virgil’s Sixth Eclogue, Silenus”, in The Works of the English Poets. With Prefaces, Biographical and Critical, […], volume X (The Poems of Rochester, Roscommon, and Yalden), London: […] E. Cox; for C. Bathurst, […], published 1779, page 234, OCLC 4254798:
- Young Chromis and Mnaſylus chanc'd to ſtray / Where (ſleeping in a cave) Silenus lay, / Whoſe conſtant cups fly fuming to his brain, / And always boil in each extended vein; / His truſty flaggon, full of potent juice, / Was hanging by, worn thin with age and uſe; [...]
- (intransitive) To pass off in fumes or vapours.
- 1704, I[saac] N[ewton], “(please specify |book=1 to 3)”, in Opticks: Or, A Treatise of the Reflexions, Refractions, Inflexions and Colours of Light. […], London: […] Sam[uel] Smith, and Benj[amin] Walford, printers to the Royal Society, […], OCLC 1118497469:
- whose parts are kept from fuming away, not only by their fixity […]
- (intransitive, figuratively) To express or feel great anger.
- He’s still fuming about the argument they had yesterday.
- 1700, [John] Dryden, “Palamon and Arcite: Or, The Knight’s Tale. In Three Books.”, in Fables Ancient and Modern; […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], OCLC 228732415:
- He frets, he fumes, he stares, he stamps the ground.
- 1808 February 22, Walter Scott, “(please specify the introduction or canto number, or chapter name)”, in Marmion; a Tale of Flodden Field, Edinburgh: […] J[ames] Ballantyne and Co. for Archibald Constable and Company, […]; London: William Miller, and John Murray, OCLC 270129616:
- Her mother did fret, and her father did fume.
- (intransitive, figuratively) To be as in a mist; to be dulled and stupefied.
- c. 1606–1607, William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Anthonie and Cleopatra”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act II, scene i]:
- Keep his brain fuming.
Translations[edit]
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Asturian[edit]
Verb[edit]
fume
- first-person singular present subjunctive of fumar
- third-person singular present subjunctive of fumar
French[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Verb[edit]
fume
- inflection of fumer:
Anagrams[edit]
Galician[edit]
Alternative forms[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Attested since circa 1300. From Old Galician and Old Portuguese fumo (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Latin fūmus. Cognate with Portuguese fumo and Spanish humo.
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
fume m (plural fumes)
- smoke
- c1300, R. Martínez López (ed.), General Estoria. Versión gallega del siglo XIV. Oviedo: Publicacións de Archivum, page 209:
- coyda que o bafo et fume daquel fogo que ensuzou et [empoçoou] as agoas et aterra daly
- he thinks that the fumes and the smoke of that fire defiled and poisoned the waters and the soil there
- coyda que o bafo et fume daquel fogo que ensuzou et [empoçoou] as agoas et aterra daly
- 1348, J. Méndez Pérez & al. (eds.), El monasterio de San Salvador de Chantada, Santiago de Compostela: I. Padre Sarmiento, page 326:
- a vida deste mundo he asy como a sonbra, et quando ome se deleyta en ella he asy como o fumo que se vay logo
- the life in this world is like the shadow, and when a man delight in it is like the 'smoke, which soon goes away
- a vida deste mundo he asy como a sonbra, et quando ome se deleyta en ella he asy como o fumo que se vay logo
- c1300, R. Martínez López (ed.), General Estoria. Versión gallega del siglo XIV. Oviedo: Publicacións de Archivum, page 209:
- fume
- (figuratively, in the plural) haughtiness
Related terms[edit]
Verb[edit]
fume
- first-person singular present subjunctive of fumar
- third-person singular present subjunctive of fumar
References[edit]
- “fume” in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval, SLI - ILGA 2006–2012.
- “fume” in Xavier Varela Barreiro & Xavier Gómez Guinovart: Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval. SLI / Grupo TALG / ILG, 2006–2016.
- “fume” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006–2013.
- “fume” in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega. Santiago: ILG.
- “fume” in Álvarez, Rosario (coord.): Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués, Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega.
Latin[edit]
Noun[edit]
fūme
Middle English[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
Borrowed from Old French fum, from Latin fũmus, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰuh₂mós.
Alternative forms[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
fume (plural fumes)
- Visible gaseous emanations; fumes or smoke.
- Any sort of vapour or gaseous emanation.
- (physiology) Fumes as the supposed cause of feelings.
- (rare) An airborne scent or odour.
Related terms[edit]
Descendants[edit]
References[edit]
- “fūme, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-09-03.
Etymology 2[edit]
From Old French fumer.
Verb[edit]
fume
- Alternative form of fumen
Norwegian Nynorsk[edit]
Verb[edit]
fume (present tense fumar, past tense fuma, past participle fuma, passive infinitive fumast, present participle fumande, imperative fume/fum)
Portuguese[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Verb[edit]
fume
- first-person singular (eu) present subjunctive of fumar
- third-person singular (ele and ela, also used with você and others) present subjunctive of fumar
- third-person singular (você) affirmative imperative of fumar
- third-person singular (você) negative imperative of fumar
Spanish[edit]
Verb[edit]
fume
- Formal second-person singular (usted) imperative form of fumar.
- First-person singular (yo) present subjunctive form of fumar.
- Formal second-person singular (usted) present subjunctive form of fumar.
- Third-person singular (él, ella, also used with usted?) present subjunctive form of fumar.
Tarantino[edit]
Noun[edit]
fume
- English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰewh₂-
- English terms inherited from Middle English
- English terms derived from Middle English
- English terms derived from Old French
- English terms derived from Latin
- English doublets
- English 1-syllable words
- English terms with IPA pronunciation
- English terms with audio links
- Rhymes:English/uːm
- Rhymes:English/uːm/1 syllable
- English lemmas
- English nouns
- English countable nouns
- English terms with usage examples
- English terms with quotations
- English terms with obsolete senses
- English verbs
- English transitive verbs
- English intransitive verbs
- en:Combustion
- en:Matter
- en:Gases
- Asturian non-lemma forms
- Asturian verb forms
- French 1-syllable words
- French terms with IPA pronunciation
- French terms with homophones
- French non-lemma forms
- French verb forms
- Galician terms inherited from Old Portuguese
- Galician terms derived from Old Portuguese
- Galician terms inherited from Latin
- Galician terms derived from Latin
- Galician terms with IPA pronunciation
- Galician lemmas
- Galician nouns
- Galician masculine nouns
- Galician non-lemma forms
- Galician verb forms
- Latin non-lemma forms
- Latin noun forms
- Middle English terms borrowed from Old French
- Middle English terms derived from Old French
- Middle English terms derived from Latin
- Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation
- Middle English lemmas
- Middle English nouns
- enm:Physiology
- Middle English terms with rare senses
- Middle English verbs
- enm:Air
- enm:Emotions
- enm:Matter
- enm:Smell
- Norwegian Nynorsk lemmas
- Norwegian Nynorsk verbs
- Norwegian Nynorsk weak verbs
- Norwegian Nynorsk pre-2012 forms
- Portuguese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Portuguese non-lemma forms
- Portuguese verb forms
- Spanish non-lemma forms
- Spanish verb forms
- Spanish forms of verbs ending in -ar
- Tarantino lemmas
- Tarantino nouns