fume

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See also: fumé and fumê

English[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Middle English, from Old French fum (“smoke, steam, vapour”), from Latin fūmus (“vapour, smoke”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰuh₂mós (“smoke”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewh₂- (“to smoke, raise dust”). More at dun, dusk, dust.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • (UK) IPA(key): /fjuːm/
  • Audio (US)
    		(file)
  • Rhymes: -uːm

Noun[edit]

fume (plural fumes)

  1. A gas or vapour/vapor that is strong-smelling or dangerous to inhale.
    Don't stand around in there breathing the fumes while the adhesive cures.
    • T. Warton
      the fumes of new shorn hay
  2. A material that has been vaporized from the solid or liquid state to the gas state and re-coalesced to the solid state.
    Lead fume is a greyish powder, mainly comprising lead sulfate.
  3. Rage or excitement which deprives the mind of self-control.
    the fumes of passion
    (Can we find and add a quotation of South to this entry?)
  4. Anything unsubstantial or airy; idle conceit; vain imagination.
    • Francis Bacon
      a show of fumes and fancies
  5. The incense of praise; inordinate flattery.
    • Burton
      to smother him with fumes and eulogies

Usage notes[edit]

  • In the sense of strong-smelling or dangerous vapor, the noun is typically plural, as in the example.

Translations[edit]

Verb[edit]

fume (third-person singular simple present fumes, present participle fuming, simple past and past participle fumed)

  1. To emit fumes.
    • Milton
      where the golden altar fumed
    • Roscommon
      Silenus lay, / Whose constant cups lay fuming to his brain.
  2. To expose something (especially wood) to ammonia fumes in order to produce dark tints.
  3. To feel or express great anger.
    He's still fuming about the argument they had yesterday.
    • Dryden
      He frets, he fumes, he stares, he stamps the ground.
    • Sir Walter Scott
      Her mother did fret, and her father did fume.
  4. To be as in a mist; to be dulled and stupefied.
    • Shakespeare
      Keep his brain fuming.
  5. To pass off in fumes or vapours.
    • Cheyne
      Their parts are kept from fuming away by their fixity.

Translations[edit]

Asturian[edit]

Verb[edit]

fume

  1. first-person singular present subjunctive of fumar
  2. third-person singular present subjunctive of fumar

French[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Verb[edit]

fume

  1. first-person singular present indicative of fumer
  2. third-person singular present indicative of fumer
  3. first-person singular present subjunctive of fumer
  4. third-person singular present subjunctive of fumer
  5. second-person singular imperative of fumer

Anagrams[edit]

Galician[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Attested since circa 1300. From Old Galician and Old Portuguese fumo (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Latin fūmus. Cognate with Portuguese fumo and Spanish humo.

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

fume m (plural fumes)

  1. smoke
    • c1300, R. Martínez López (ed.), General Estoria. Versión gallega del siglo XIV. Oviedo: Publicacións de Archivum, page 209:
      coyda que o bafo et fume daquel fogo que ensuzou et [empoçoou] as agoas et aterra daly
      he thinks that the fumes and the smoke of that fire defiled and poisoned the waters and the soil there
    • 1348, J. Méndez Pérez & al. (eds.), El monasterio de San Salvador de Chantada, Santiago de Compostela: I. Padre Sarmiento, page 326:
      a vida deste mundo he asy como a sonbra, et quando ome se deleyta en ella he asy como o fumo que se vay logo
      the life in this world is like the shadow, and when a man delight in it is like the 'smoke, which soon goes away
  2. fume
    Synonyms: bafo, vapor
  3. (figuratively, in the plural) haughtiness

Related terms[edit]

Verb[edit]

fume

  1. first-person singular present subjunctive of fumar
  2. third-person singular present subjunctive of fumar

References[edit]

  • “fume” in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval, SLI - ILGA 2006-2012.
  • “fume” in Xavier Varela Barreiro & Xavier Gómez Guinovart: Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval. SLI / Grupo TALG / ILG, 2006-2016.
  • “fume” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006-2013.
  • “fume” in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega. Santiago: ILG.
  • “fume” in Álvarez, Rosario (coord.): Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués, Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega.

Latin[edit]

Noun[edit]

fūme

  1. vocative singular of fūmus

Middle English[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Borrowed from Old French fum, from Latin fũmus, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰuh₂mós.

Alternative forms[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

fume (plural fumes)

  1. Visible gaseous emanations; fumes or smoke.
  2. Any sort of vapour or gaseous emanation.
  3. (physiology) Fumes as the supposed cause of feelings.
  4. (rare) An airborne scent or odour.
Related terms[edit]
Descendants[edit]
References[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

From Old French fumer.

Verb[edit]

fume

  1. Alternative form of fumen

Portuguese[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Verb[edit]

fume

  1. first-person singular (eu) present subjunctive of fumar
  2. third-person singular (ele and ela, also used with você and others) present subjunctive of fumar
  3. third-person singular (você) affirmative imperative of fumar
  4. third-person singular (você) negative imperative of fumar

Spanish[edit]

Verb[edit]

fume

  1. Formal second-person singular (usted) imperative form of fumar.
  2. First-person singular (yo) present subjunctive form of fumar.
  3. Formal second-person singular (usted) present subjunctive form of fumar.
  4. Third-person singular (él, ella, also used with usted?) present subjunctive form of fumar.

Tarantino[edit]

Noun[edit]

fume

  1. smoke
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