дим

See also: дім and Дим

Bulgarian

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *dʰewh₂-

Proto-Indo-European *-mós

Proto-Indo-European *dʰuh₂mós

Proto-Balto-Slavic *dū́ˀmas

Proto-Slavic *dymъ

Bulgarian дим

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *dymъ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [dim]

• Audio (Standard Bulgarian):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -im

Noun

дим • (dim) m

1. smoke (visible gas and particles produced by burning)

   От комина излизаше гъст дим и се разнасяше над покривите.

   Ot komina izlizaše găst dim i se raznasjaše nad pokrivite.

   Thick smoke was coming out of the chimney and spreading over the rooftops.

2. fumes, smoke (smoke or vapour that irritates the eyes or throat)

   Стаята се напълни с дим от печката и всички отвориха прозорците.

   Stajata se napălni s dim ot pečkata i vsički otvoriha prozorcite.

   The room filled with smoke from the stove, and everyone opened the windows.

3. (figurative) smoke (something empty, deceptive, or without substance)

   Обещанията му се оказаха само дим без никакви реални действия.

   Obeštanijata mu se okazaha samo dim bez nikakvi realni dejstvija.

   His promises turned out to be nothing but smoke, with no real action.

4. (colloquial) a cigarette, a smoke

   След обяда излезе навън за един дим и се върна след пет минути.

   Sled objada izleze navăn za edin dim i se vărna sled pet minuti.

   After lunch he went outside for a smoke and came back five minutes later.

Declension

Declension of дим

	singular	plural
indefinite	дим dim	ди́мове1 dímove1
definite (subject form)	димъ́т dimắt	ди́мовете1 dímovete1
definite (object form)	дима́ dimá
count form	—	ди́ма díma

¹Archaic.

References

• “дим”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
• “дим”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010

Macedonian

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *dʰewh₂-

Proto-Indo-European *-mós

Proto-Indo-European *dʰuh₂mós

Proto-Balto-Slavic *dū́ˀmas

Proto-Slavic *dymъ

Macedonian дим

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *dymъ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [dim]

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

дим • (dim) m (relational adjective димен)

1. smoke

   Synonym: чад (čad)

Declension

Declension of дим

	singular	plural
indefinite	дим (dim)	димови (dimovi)
definite unspecified	димот (dimot)	димовите (dimovite)
definite proximal	димов (dimov)	димовиве (dimovive)
definite distal	димон (dimon)	димовине (dimovine)
vocative	диму (dimu)	димови (dimovi)
count form	—	дима (dima)

Pannonian Rusyn

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *dʰewh₂-

Proto-Indo-European *-mós

Proto-Indo-European *dʰuh₂mós

Proto-Balto-Slavic *dū́ˀmas

Proto-Slavic *dymъ

Old Slovak dym

Pannonian Rusyn дим

Inherited from Old Slovak dym, from Proto-Slavic *dymъ. Cognates include Carpathian Rusyn дым (dŷm) and Slovak dym.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈdim]
• Rhymes: -im
• Hyphenation: дим

Noun

дим (dim) m inan (diminutive димчок, relational adjective димни or димови)

1. smoke

   з коминох ше кури дим ― z kominox še kuri dim ― smoke is coming out of the chimney

Declension

Declension of дим (dim)

	singular	plural
nominative	дим (dim)	дими (dimi)
genitive	диму (dimu)	димох (dimox)
dative	диму (dimu)	димом (dimom)
accusative	дим (dim)	дими (dimi)
instrumental	димом (dimom)	димами (dimami)
locative	диму (dimu)	димох (dimox)
vocative	диму (dimu)	дими (dimi)

Related terms

adjectives

• бездимни (bezdimni)
• задимени (zadimeni)

nouns

• димовод m (dimovod)

References

• Medʹeši, H.; Fejsa, M. (1995), “дим”, in Ramač, Ju., editor, Сербско-руски словнїк [Serbian-Rusyn Dictionary] (in Serbo-Croatian), volumes 1 (А – Њ), Novi Sad: Faculty of Philosophy, page 216
• Medʹeši, H.; Fejsa, M.; Timko-Djitko, O. (2010), “дим”, in Ramač, Ju., editor, Руско-сербски словнїк [Rusyn-Serbian Dictionary] (in Pannonian Rusyn), Novi Sad: Faculty of Philosophy, page 236
• Fejsa, M.; Šlemender, M.; Čelʹovski, S. (2022), “smoke”, in Анґлийско-руски словнїк [English-Rusyn Dictionary] (in Pannonian Rusyn), Novi Sad: Faculty of Philosophy; Ruska matka, →ISBN, page 287

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *dʰewh₂-

Proto-Indo-European *-mós

Proto-Indo-European *dʰuh₂mós

Proto-Balto-Slavic *dū́ˀmas

Proto-Slavic *dymъ

Serbo-Croatian дим

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *dymъ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /dîm/

Noun

ди̏м m inan (Latin spelling dȉm)

1. smoke

Declension

Declension of дим

	singular	plural
nominative	дим	димови
genitive	дима	димова
dative	диму	димовима
accusative	дим	димове
vocative	диме	димови
locative	диму	димовима
instrumental	димом	димовима

Further reading

• “дим”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2026

Ukrainian

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *dʰewh₂-

Proto-Indo-European *-mós

Proto-Indo-European *dʰuh₂mós

Proto-Balto-Slavic *dū́ˀmas

Proto-Slavic *dymъ

Ukrainian дим

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *dymъ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [dɪm]

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

дим • (dym) m inan (genitive ди́му, nominative plural дими́, genitive plural димі́в, relational adjective ди́мний or димови́й, diminutive димо́к)

1. smoke

Declension

Declension of дим
(inan hard masc-form accent-c)

	singular	plural
nominative	дим dym	дими́ dymý
genitive	ди́му dýmu	димі́в dymív
dative	ди́мові, ди́му dýmovi, dýmu	дима́м dymám
accusative	дим dym	дими́ dymý
instrumental	ди́мом dýmom	дима́ми dymámy
locative	диму́ dymú	дима́х dymáx
vocative	ди́ме dýme	дими́ dymý

References

• Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “дим”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
• “дим”, in Горох – Словозміна [Horox – Slovozmina, Horokh – Inflection]‎^[1]
• “дим”, in Словник.ua [Slovnyk.ua, Slovnyk.ua]‎^[2]