надо

See also: надо- and Appendix:Variations of "nado"

Russian

Etymology 1

Inherited from Old East Slavic надо (nado), надобѣ (nadobě), from dative/locative singular of надоба (nadoba), from Proto-Slavic *nadoba, from *na- +‎ *doba.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ˈnadə]
Audio: (file)
Rhymes: -adə
IPA^(key): [ˈnadɐ] (before a stressed syllable)
IPA^(key): [ˈnaː] (fast or careless speech)

Predicative

на́до • (nádo)

(one) must, (it is) necessary
- 1972 [1955, 1938], Лазарь Лагин [Lazar Lagin], “Третье приключение в метро [Third Adventure at the Metro]”, in Старик Хоттабыч [Starik Xottabyč, Old Man Khottabych], pages 168-169:
  Подошёл дежурный по станции, увидел разбросанные по перрону клочья бороды и сказал:
  — Гражданин, в метро надо соблюдать тишину... и чистоту...
  Podošól dežurnyj po stancii, uvidel razbrosannyje po perronu kločʹja borody i skazal:
  — Graždanin, v metro nado sobljudatʹ tišinu... i čistotu...
  The officer on duty at the station came by, saw the tufts of beard scattered on the platform, and said:
  “Citizen, at the metro it's necessary to keep silence... and cleanliness...”
one needs, one wants, one has to
Synonyms: надлежи́т (nadležít), необходи́мо (neobxodímo), ну́жно (núžno), тре́буется (trébujetsja), сле́дует (slédujet)

Мне на́до уйти́. ― Mne nádo ujtí. ― I have to leave.

Так ему́ и на́до! ― Tak jemú i nádo! ― He deserves it!

на́до бы ― nádo by ― (one) ought to
- 1925, Михаил Булгаков [Mikhail Bulgakov], “Глава 4. Попадья Дроздова”, in Роковые яйца; English translation from K. M. Cook-Horujy, transl., The Fateful Eggs, Moscow: Raduga Publishers, 1990:
  — Что вам на́до? — спроси́л Пе́рсиков таки́м го́лосом, что Панкра́т мгнове́нно ушё́л за дверь, — ведь вам же сказа́ли, что я за́нят?
  — Što vam nádo? — sprosíl Pérsikov takím gólosom, što Pankrát mgnovénno ušól za dverʹ, — vedʹ vam že skazáli, što ja zánjat?
  "What do you want?" asked Persikov in a voice which sent Pankrat scuttling out of the room. "Weren't you told that I am busy?"

Usage notes

The word combination "не на́до" is used in combination with imperfective infinitive verbs. For example,

Не на́до печа́литься. ― Ne nádo pečálitʹsja. ― There is no need to be sad.

Не на́до держа́ть отве́т. ― Ne nádo deržátʹ otvét. ― There is no need to answer.

Не на́до бы́ло пуга́ть бе́лок. ― Ne nádo býlo pugátʹ bélok. ― There was no need to scare the squirrels.

Не на́до is translated as "can't", "mustn't", "needn't", or "don't" (negative imperative).

Related terms

на́добный (nádobnyj), на́добно (nádobno), на́добность f (nádobnostʹ)

Descendants

→ Southern Yukaghir: надо (nado)
→ Yakut: наада (naada)

Etymology 2

Inherited from Old East Slavic надъ (nadŭ), надо (nado), from Proto-Slavic *nadъ.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [nədə]
IPA^(key): [nədɐ] (before a stressed syllable)
IPA^(key): [ˈnadə] (when stressed)
IPA^(key): [ˈnadɐ] (when stressed and before a stressed syllable)

Preposition

надо • (nado) [with instrumental]

alternative form of над (nad): above, over
надо мной ― nado mnoj ― above me

Usage notes

This is a variant of над (nad) which is sometimes used before words beginning with certain consonant clusters such as мн- (mn-).

References

Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “над”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “надо”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1995), “*nadъ”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), volume 22 (*naděliti – *narodъ), Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 15

Southern Yukaghir

Etymology

Borrowed from Russian на́до (nádo).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ˈnadə]
Rhymes: -adə
Hyphenation: на‧до

Predicative

надо (nado)

it is necessary that

References

Elena Maslova (2003), A Grammar of Kolyma Yukaghir, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, →ISBN, page 26

Tundra Nenets

Etymology 1

From Proto-Samoyedic *nåto, from Proto-Uralic *nataw.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [nʌdo]
Hyphenation: на‧до

Noun

надо • (nado)

brother-in-law (one's spouse's younger brother)
nephew (one's spouse's older brother's son)
stepson (one's spouse's son from an earlier marriage)

Declension

Declension of **надо** (nado) (regular)
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	надо (nado)	надохоʼ (nadoxoh)	надоˮ (nadoq)
genitive	надоʼ (nadoh)	надохоʼ (nadoxoh)	надуˮ (naduq)
accusative	надом (nadom°)	надохоʼ (nadoxoh)	наду (nadu)
allative	надон (nadon°)	надохоняʼ (nadoxonyah)	надохоˮ (nadoxoq)
locative	надохона (nadoxona)	надохоняна (nadoxonyana)	надохоˮна (nadoxoqna)
ablative	надоход (nadoxod°)	надохоняд (nadoxonyad°)	надохот (nadoxot°)
prolative	надовна (nadowna)	надохонямна (nadoxonyamna)	надуˮмӑна (naduqmăna)

Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [nədo]
Hyphenation: на‧до

Noun

нӑдо • (nădo)

steep shore

Declension

Declension of **нӑдо** (nădo) (regular)
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	нӑдо (nădo)	нӑдохоʼ (nădoxoh)	нӑдоˮ (nădoq)
genitive	нӑдоʼ (nădoh)	нӑдохоʼ (nădoxoh)	нӑдуˮ (năduq)
accusative	нӑдом (nădom°)	нӑдохоʼ (nădoxoh)	нӑду (nădu)
allative	нӑдон (nădon°)	нӑдохоняʼ (nădoxonyah)	нӑдохоˮ (nădoxoq)
locative	нӑдохона (nădoxona)	нӑдохоняна (nădoxonyana)	нӑдохоˮна (nădoxoqna)
ablative	нӑдоход (nădoxod°)	нӑдохоняд (nădoxonyad°)	нӑдохот (nădoxot°)
prolative	нӑдовна (nădowna)	нӑдохонямна (nădoxonyamna)	нӑдуˮмӑна (năduqmăna)

References

Pyrerka, A. P.; Tereščenko, N. M. (1948), Русско-ненецкий словарь [Russian–Nenets Dictionary], Moscow: Огиз, page 308; 310
N. M. Tereschenko (1965), “надо”, in Ненецко-русский словарь, Moscow: Советская Энциклопедия
N. M. Tereschenko (2005), “нӑдо”, in Словарь ненецко-русский и русско-ненецкий, 3rd edition, Saint Petersburg: Просвещение, →ISBN

Ukrainian

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ˈnadɔ]
Hyphenation: на‧до

Preposition

на́до • (nádo) [with instrumental]

(colloquial) alternative form of на́ді (nádi)