во

See also: -во, в/о, во-, and Appendix:Variations of "vo"

Chechen

Adjective

во • (vo)

1. bad

Ingush

Adjective

во • (vo)

1. bad

Komi-Permyak

Etymology

From Proto-Permic *wo, from Proto-Uralic *ëde. Cognates include Finnish vuosi and Estonian voos

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈʋo/, [ˈʋo̞]
• Rhymes: -o
• Hyphenation: во

Noun

во • (vo)

1. year

Declension

Declension of во (stem: во-)

		singular	plural
nominative		во (vo)	воэз (voez)
accusative	I*	во (vo)	воэз (voez)
	II*	воӧс (voös)	воэзӧс (voezös)
instrumental		воӧн (voön)	воэзӧн (voezön)
comitative		вокӧт (voköt)	воэзкӧт (voezköt)
caritive		вотӧг (votög)	воэзтӧг (voeztög)
consecutive		вола (vola)	воэзла (voezla)
genitive		волӧн (volön)	воэзлӧн (voezlön)
ablative		волісь (voliś)	воэзлісь (voezliś)
dative		волӧ (volö)	воэзлӧ (voezlö)
inessive		воын (voyn)	воэзын (voezyn)
elative		воись (voiś)	воэзісь (voeziś)
illative		воӧ (voö)	воэзӧ (voezö)
egressive		восянь (vośań)	воэзсянь (voezśań)
approximative		волань (volań)	воэзлань (voezlań)
terminative	I	воӧдз (voödź)	воэзӧдз (voezödź)
	II	вови (vovi)	воэзви (voezvi)
prolative		воӧт (voöt)	воэзӧт (voezöt)

^*) Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I.

Possessive declension of во

First person singular singular plural nominative воӧ (voö) воэзӧ (voezö) accusative I* воӧ (voö) воэзӧ (voezö) II* воӧс (voös) воэзӧс (voezös) instrumental вонам (vonam) воэзнам (voeznam) comitative воӧкӧт (voököt) воэзӧкӧт (voezököt) caritive воӧтӧг (voötög) воэзӧтӧг (voezötög) consecutive воӧла (voöla) воэзӧла (voezöla) genitive воӧлӧн (voölön) воэзӧлӧн (voezölön) ablative воӧлісь (voöliś) воэзӧлісь (voezöliś) dative воӧлӧ (voölö) воэзӧлӧ (voezölö) inessive воам (voam) воэзам (voezam) elative восим (vośim) воэзсим (voezśim) illative воам (voam) воэзам (voezam) egressive воӧсянь (voöśań) воэзӧсянь (voezöśań) approximative воӧлань (voölań) воэзӧлань (voezölań) terminative I воӧддзам (voöddźam) воэзӧддзам (voezöddźam) II воӧви (voövi) воэзӧви (voezövi) prolative воӧттям (voötťam) воэзӧттям (voezötťam) *) Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I. Second person singular singular plural nominative воыт (voyt) воэт (voet) accusative I* воыт (voyt) воэт (voet) II* вотӧ (votö) воэзтӧ (voeztö) instrumental вонат (vonat) воэзнат (voeznat) comitative воыткӧт (voytköt) воэткӧт (voetköt) caritive воыттӧг (voyttög) воэттӧг (voettög) consecutive воытла (voytla) воэтла (voetla) genitive воытлӧн (voytlön) воэтлӧн (voetlön) ablative воытлісь (voytliś) воэтлісь (voetliś) dative воытлӧ (voytlö) воэтлӧ (voetlö) inessive воат (voat) воэзат (voezat) elative восит (vośit) воэзсит (voezśit) illative воат (voat) воэзат (voezat) egressive воытсянь (voytśań) воэтсянь (voetśań) approximative воытлань (voytlań) воэтлань (voetlań) terminative I воӧддзат (voöddźat) воэзӧддзат (voezöddźat) II воытви (voytvi) воэтви (voetvi) prolative воӧттят (voötťat) воэзӧттят (voezötťat) *) Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I. Third person singular singular plural nominative воыс (voys) воэс (voes) accusative I* воыс (voys) воэс (voes) II* восӧ (vosö) воэсӧ (voesö) instrumental вонас (vonas) воэзнас (voeznas) comitative воыскӧт (voysköt) воэскӧт (voesköt) caritive воыстӧг (voystög) воэстӧг (voestög) consecutive воысла (voysla) воэсла (voesla) genitive воыслӧн (voyslön) воэслӧн (voeslön) ablative воыслісь (voysliś) воэслісь (voesliś) dative воыслӧ (voyslö) воэслӧ (voeslö) inessive воас (voas) воэзас (voezas) elative восис (vośis) воэзсис (voezśis) illative воас (voas) воэзас (voezas) egressive воыссянь (voysśań) воэссянь (voesśań) approximative воыслань (voyslań) воэслань (voeslań) terminative I воӧддзас (voöddźas) воэзӧддзас (voezöddźas) II воысви (voysvi) воэсви (voesvi) prolative воӧттяс (voötťas) воэзӧттяс (voezötťas) *) Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I. First person plural singular plural nominative воным (vonym) воэзным (voeznym) accusative I* воным (vonym) воэзным (voeznym) II* вонымӧ (vonymö) воэзнымӧ (voeznymö) instrumental вонаным (vonanym) воэзнаным (voeznanym) comitative вонымкӧт (vonymköt) воэзнымкӧт (voeznymköt) caritive вонымтӧг (vonymtög) воэзнымтӧг (voeznymtög) consecutive вонымла (vonymla) воэзнымла (voeznymla) genitive вонымлӧн (vonymlön) воэзнымлӧн (voeznymlön) ablative вонымлісь (vonymliś) воэзнымлісь (voeznymliś) dative вонымлӧ (vonymlö) воэзнымлӧ (voeznymlö) inessive воаным (voanym) воэзаным (voezanym) elative восиным (vośinym) воэзсиным (voezśinym) illative воаным (voanym) воэзаным (voezanym) egressive вонымсянь (vonymśań) воэзнымсянь (voeznymśań) approximative вонымлань (vonymlań) воэзнымлань (voeznymlań) terminative I воӧддзаным (voöddźanym) воэзӧддзаным (voezöddźanym) II вонымви (vonymvi) воэзнымви (voeznymvi) prolative воӧттяным (voötťanym) воэзӧттяным (voezötťanym) *) Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I. Second person plural singular plural nominative воныт (vonyt) воэзныт (voeznyt) accusative I* воныт (vonyt) воэзныт (voeznyt) II* вонытӧ (vonytö) воэзнытӧ (voeznytö) instrumental вонаныт (vonanyt) воэзнаныт (voeznanyt) comitative воныткӧт (vonytköt) воэзныткӧт (voeznytköt) caritive воныттӧг (vonyttög) воэзныттӧг (voeznyttög) consecutive вонытла (vonytla) воэзнытла (voeznytla) genitive вонытлӧн (vonytlön) воэзнытлӧн (voeznytlön) ablative вонытлісь (vonytliś) воэзнытлісь (voeznytliś) dative вонытлӧ (vonytlö) воэзнытлӧ (voeznytlö) inessive воаныт (voanyt) воэзаныт (voezanyt) elative восиныт (vośinyt) воэзсиныт (voezśinyt) illative воаныт (voanyt) воэзаныт (voezanyt) egressive вонытсянь (vonytśań) воэзнытсянь (voeznytśań) approximative вонытлань (vonytlań) воэзнытлань (voeznytlań) terminative I воӧддзаныт (voöddźanyt) воэзӧддзаныт (voezöddźanyt) II вонытви (vonytvi) воэзнытви (voeznytvi) prolative воӧттяныт (voötťanyt) воэзӧттяныт (voezötťanyt) *) Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I. Third person plural singular plural nominative воныс (vonys) воэзныс (voeznys) accusative I* воныс (vonys) воэзныс (voeznys) II* вонысӧ (vonysö) воэзнысӧ (voeznysö) instrumental вонаныс (vonanys) воэзнаныс (voeznanys) comitative воныскӧт (vonysköt) воэзныскӧт (voeznysköt) caritive воныстӧг (vonystög) воэзныстӧг (voeznystög) consecutive вонысла (vonysla) воэзнысла (voeznysla) genitive воныслӧн (vonyslön) воэзныслӧн (voeznyslön) ablative воныслісь (vonysliś) воэзныслісь (voeznysliś) dative воныслӧ (vonyslö) воэзныслӧ (voeznyslö) inessive воаныс (voanys) воэзаныс (voezanys) elative восиныс (vośinys) воэзсиныс (voezśinys) illative воаныс (voanys) воэзаныс (voezanys) egressive воныссянь (vonysśań) воэзныссянь (voeznysśań) approximative воныслань (vonyslań) воэзныслань (voeznyslań) terminative I воӧддзаныс (voöddźanys) воэзӧддзаныс (voezöddźanys) II вонысви (vonysvi) воэзнысви (voeznysvi) prolative воӧттяныс (voötťanys) воэзӧттяныс (voezötťanys) *) Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I.

References

• R. M. Batalova; A. S. Krivoshchekova-Gantman (1985), Коми-пермяцко-русский словарь [Komi-Permyak-Russian dictionary]‎^[1], Moscow: Русский язык

Komi-Zyrian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈʋo/, [ˈʋo̞]
• Rhymes: -o
• Hyphenation: во

Etymology 1

From Proto-Permic *wo, from Proto-Uralic *ëde. Cognates include Finnish vuosi and Northern Khanty оԓ (oł).

Noun

во • (vo)

1. year

Declension

Declension of во (stem: во-)

		singular	plural
nominative		во (vo)	вояс (vojas)
accusative	I 1	во (vo)	вояс (vojas)
	II 1	воӧс (voös)	воясӧс (vojasös)
instrumental		воӧн (voön)	воясӧн (vojasön)
comitative		вокӧд (voköd)	вояскӧд (vojasköd)
caritive		вотӧг (votög)	воястӧг (vojastög)
consecutive		вола (vola)	воясла (vojasla)
genitive		волӧн (volön)	вояслӧн (vojaslön)
ablative		волысь (volyś)	вояслысь (vojaslyś)
dative		волы (voly)	вояслы (vojasly)
inessive		воын (voyn)	воясын (vojasyn)
elative		воысь (voyś)	воясысь (vojasyś)
illative		воӧ (voö)	воясӧ (vojasö)
egressive		восянь (vośań)	вояссянь (vojasśań)
approximative		волань (volań)	вояслань (vojaslań)
terminative		воӧдз (voödź)	воясӧдз (vojasödź)
prolative	I	воӧд (voöd)	воясӧд (vojasöd)
	II	воті (voti)	воясті (vojasti)

¹ Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I.

Possessive declension of во

First person singular singular plural nominative воӧй (voöj) воясӧй (vojasöj) accusative I 1 воӧй (voöj) воясӧй (vojasöj) II 1 воӧс (voös) воясӧс (vojasös) instrumental вонам (vonam) вояснам (vojasnam) comitative воӧйкӧд (voöjköd) воясӧйкӧд (vojasöjköd) caritive вотӧгым (votögym) воястӧгым (vojastögym) consecutive воӧйла (voöjla) воясӧйла (vojasöjla) genitive воӧйлӧн (voöjlön) воясӧйлӧн (vojasöjlön) ablative воӧйлысь (voöjlyś) воясӧйлысь (vojasöjlyś) dative воӧйлы (voöjly) воясӧйлы (vojasöjly) inessive воам (voam) воясам (vojasam) elative восьым (vośym) вояссьым (vojasśym) illative воам (voam) воясам (vojasam) egressive восяньым (vośańym) вояссяньым (vojasśańym) approximative воланьым (volańym) воясланьым (vojaslańym) terminative воӧдзым (voödźym) воясӧдзым (vojasödźym) prolative I воӧдым (voödym) воясӧдым (vojasödym) II вотіым (votiym) воястіым (vojastiym) 1 Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I. Second person singular singular plural nominative воыд (voyd) воясыд (vojasyd) accusative I 1 воыд (voyd) воясыд (vojasyd) II 1 вотӧ (votö) воястӧ (vojastö) instrumental вонад (vonad) вояснад (vojasnad) comitative воыдкӧд (voydköd) воясыдкӧд (vojasydköd) caritive вотӧгыд (votögyd) воястӧгыд (vojastögyd) consecutive воыдла (voydla) воясыдла (vojasydla) genitive воыдлӧн (voydlön) воясыдлӧн (vojasydlön) ablative воыдлысь (voydlyś) воясыдлысь (vojasydlyś) dative воыдлы (voydly) воясыдлы (vojasydly) inessive воад (voad) воясад (vojasad) elative восьыд (vośyd) вояссьыд (vojasśyd) illative воад (voad) воясад (vojasad) egressive восяньыд (vośańyd) вояссяньыд (vojasśańyd) approximative воланьыд (volańyd) воясланьыд (vojaslańyd) terminative воӧдзыд (voödźyd) воясӧдзыд (vojasödźyd) prolative I воӧдыд (voödyd) воясӧдыд (vojasödyd) II вотіыд (votiyd) воястіыд (vojastiyd) 1 Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I. Third person singular singular plural nominative воыс (voys) воясыс (vojasys) accusative I 1 воыс (voys) воясыс (vojasys) II 1 восӧ (vosö) вояссӧ (vojassö) instrumental вонас (vonas) вояснас (vojasnas) comitative воыскӧд (voysköd) воясыскӧд (vojasysköd) caritive вотӧгыс (votögys) воястӧгыс (vojastögys) consecutive воысла (voysla) воясысла (vojasysla) genitive воыслӧн (voyslön) воясыслӧн (vojasyslön) ablative воыслысь (voyslyś) воясыслысь (vojasyslyś) dative воыслы (voysly) воясыслы (vojasysly) inessive воас (voas) воясас (vojasas) elative восьыс (vośys) вояссьыс (vojasśys) illative воас (voas) воясас (vojasas) egressive восяньыс (vośańys) вояссяньыс (vojasśańys) approximative воланьыс (volańys) воясланьыс (vojaslańys) terminative воӧдзыс (voödźys) воясӧдзыс (vojasödźys) prolative I воӧдыс (voödys) воясӧдыс (vojasödys) II вотіыс (votiys) воястіыс (vojastiys) 1 Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I. First person plural singular plural nominative воным (vonym) воясным (vojasnym) accusative I 1 воным (vonym) воясным (vojasnym) II 1 вонымӧ (vonymö) вояснымӧ (vojasnymö) instrumental вонаным (vonanym) вояснаным (vojasnanym) comitative вонымкӧд (vonymköd) вояснымкӧд (vojasnymköd) caritive вотӧгным (votögnym) воястӧгным (vojastögnym) consecutive вонымла (vonymla) вояснымла (vojasnymla) genitive вонымлӧн (vonymlön) вояснымлӧн (vojasnymlön) ablative вонымлысь (vonymlyś) вояснымлысь (vojasnymlyś) dative вонымлы (vonymly) вояснымлы (vojasnymly) inessive воаным (voanym) воясаным (vojasanym) elative восьыным (vośynym) вояссьыным (vojasśynym) illative воаным (voanym) воясаным (vojasanym) egressive восяньным (vośańnym) вояссяньным (vojasśańnym) approximative воланьным (volańnym) воясланьным (vojaslańnym) terminative воӧдзным (voödźnym) воясӧдзным (vojasödźnym) prolative I воӧдным (voödnym) воясӧдным (vojasödnym) II вотіным (votinym) воястіным (vojastinym) 1 Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I. Second person plural singular plural nominative воныд (vonyd) воясныд (vojasnyd) accusative I 1 воныд (vonyd) воясныд (vojasnyd) II 1 вонытӧ (vonytö) вояснытӧ (vojasnytö) instrumental вонаныд (vonanyd) вояснаныд (vojasnanyd) comitative воныдкӧд (vonydköd) воясныдкӧд (vojasnydköd) caritive вотӧгныд (votögnyd) воястӧгныд (vojastögnyd) consecutive воныдла (vonydla) воясныдла (vojasnydla) genitive воныдлӧн (vonydlön) воясныдлӧн (vojasnydlön) ablative воныдлысь (vonydlyś) воясныдлысь (vojasnydlyś) dative воныдлы (vonydly) воясныдлы (vojasnydly) inessive воаныд (voanyd) воясаныд (vojasanyd) elative восьыныд (vośynyd) вояссьыныд (vojasśynyd) illative воаныд (voanyd) воясаныд (vojasanyd) egressive восяньныд (vośańnyd) вояссяньныд (vojasśańnyd) approximative воланьныд (volańnyd) воясланьныд (vojaslańnyd) terminative воӧдзныд (voödźnyd) воясӧдзныд (vojasödźnyd) prolative I воӧдныд (voödnyd) воясӧдныд (vojasödnyd) II вотіныд (votinyd) воястіныд (vojastinyd) 1 Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I. Third person plural singular plural nominative воныс (vonys) воясныс (vojasnys) accusative I 1 воныс (vonys) воясныс (vojasnys) II 1 вонысӧ (vonysö) вояснысӧ (vojasnysö) instrumental вонаныс (vonanys) вояснаныс (vojasnanys) comitative вонымкӧс (vonymkös) вояснымкӧс (vojasnymkös) caritive вотӧгныс (votögnys) воястӧгныс (vojastögnys) consecutive вонысла (vonysla) вояснысла (vojasnysla) genitive воныслӧн (vonyslön) воясныслӧн (vojasnyslön) ablative воныслысь (vonyslyś) воясныслысь (vojasnyslyś) dative воныслы (vonysly) воясныслы (vojasnysly) inessive воаныс (voanys) воясаныс (vojasanys) elative восьыныс (vośynys) вояссьыныс (vojasśynys) illative воаныс (voanys) воясаныс (vojasanys) egressive восяньныс (vośańnys) вояссяньныс (vojasśańnys) approximative воланьныс (volańnys) воясланьныс (vojaslańnys) terminative воӧдзныс (voödźnys) воясӧдзныс (vojasödźnys) prolative I воӧдныс (voödnys) воясӧдныс (vojasödnys) II вотіныс (votinys) воястіныс (vojastinys) 1 Animate nouns almost exclusively take the type II accusative ending, whereas inanimate nouns can be used with either ending, but are more often found with type I.

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

во • (vo)

1. inflection of воны (vony):
   1. imperative singular
   2. connegative singular

References

• Bubrikh, Dmitry V. (1949), Грамматика литературного коми языка [Grammar of the literary Komi language] (in Russian), Leningrad: Zhdanov Leningrad State University, page 40
• L. M. Beznosikova; E. A. Ajbabina; R. I. Kosnyreva (2000), Коми-русский словарь [Komi-Russian dictionary], →ISBN, page 103

Macedonian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *vъ(n).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [vɔ]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɔ

Preposition

во • (vo)

1. in

   Што правиш во мојата соба?

   Što praviš vo mojata soba?

   What are you doing in my room?

2. at (when telling time)

   Во колку часот дојдоа? - Во единаесет часот.

   Vo kolku časot dojdoa? - Vo edinaeset časot.

   What time did they come? - At eleven.

3. to (a geographic location)

   Јас се враќам пак во Свети Николе.

   Jas se vraḱam pak vo Sveti Nikole.

   I'm going back to Sveti Nikole.

Nivkh

Alternative forms

• (West Sakhalin, North Sakhalin, South Sakhalin, East Sakhalin) ўо (wo)

Etymology

Proto-Nivkh *wo.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /vo/

Noun

во (vo)(West Sakhalin, Amur)

1. nomadic camp
2. village, settlement, town

Derived terms

• вонӈ (vonŋ, “villager”)
• вофиӈ (vofiŋ, “villager”)

References

• Hidetoshi Shiraishi (2000), “Nivkh consonant alternation does not involve hardening”, in Journal of Chiba University Eurasian Society, (3): 89-119
• Chuner Taksami (1983), Нивхско-русский и русско-нивхский словарь, 20-21
• 丹菊逸治 (Itsuji Tangiku) (2014), ニヴフ語サハリン方言語彙集 (“Sakhalin Nivkh word list”)‎^[2] (in Japanese), Sapporo: 北海道大学アイヌ・先住民研究センター (“Center for Ainu and Indigenous Studies, Hokkaido University”)

Pannonian Rusyn

Etymology

Cognate with Slovak vo.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈvɔ]
• Rhymes: -ɔ
• Hyphenation: во

Preposition

во (vo)

1. alternative form of в (v)

Usage notes

• Only used in compounds inherited from Old Slovak, such as вошнє (vošnje). Originally used as a form of в (v) before certain consonant clusters, nowadays almost entirely displaced by у (u).

Russian

Etymology 1

Alternative forms

• в (v)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [və]
• IPA^(key): [vɐ] (before a stressed syllable)
• IPA^(key): [ˈvo] (when stressed)

• Audio (stressed):

  (file)

• Audio (stressed):

  (file)

Preposition

во • (vo) [(depending on meaning) with prepositional or accusative or nominative]

1. alternative form of в (v): in, at, on; to, into; etc.

   во второ́м ― vo vtoróm ― in the latter/second

   во вто́рник ― vo vtórnik ― on Tuesday

   во Флори́де ― vo Floríde ― in Florida

Usage notes

• This is a variant of в (v) which is sometimes used before words beginning with certain consonant clusters such as мн- (mn-).

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈvo]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Audio:

  (file)

Particle

во • (vo)

1. (colloquial) clipping of вот (vot)
   • 1982, Сергей Донатович Довлатов (Sergei Donatovich Dovlatov), Зона (Записки надзирателя); translated as Anne Frydman, transl., The Zone: A Prison Camp Guard's Story, A.A. Knopf, 1985, page 74:

     — Во мужи́к, гоноре́и не зна́ет! Да трипа́к же, трипа́к!

     — Vo mužík, gonoréi ne znájet! Da tripák že, tripák!

     "That's a peasant for you, doesn't know what gonorrhoea is! It's the clap, the clap!"

Serbo-Croatian

Alternative forms

• во̑л (Croatia)

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *volъ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʋôː/

Noun

во̑ m anim (Latin spelling vȏ)

1. (Bosnia, Serbia) ox

Declension

Declension of во

	singular	plural
nominative	во̑	во̀лови
genitive	вола	волова
dative	волу	воловима
accusative	вола	волове
vocative	во̏ле	волови
locative	волу	воловима
instrumental	волом	воловима

References

• “во”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025