murus

English

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin mūrus (“wall”).

Noun

murus (plural muri)

1. A wall, in the context of Ancient Rome. (Can we add an example for this sense?)
2. (palynology) A pattern-forming ridge on the surface of a pollen grain.

Synonyms

• vallum

Derived terms

• murate
• muroid

Estonian

Noun

murus

1. inessive singular of muru

Latin

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *moiros, from Proto-Indo-European *mey- (“to fix, to build fortifications or fences”), see also Latin mūnīre (“to protect”), Old Norse -mæri (“border-land, boundary”), Old English mære (“landmark, border, boundary”). See also Sanskrit मुर् (múr, “wall”), Sanskrit मुर (mura, “surrounding, encircling, enclosing”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈmuː.rʊs]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈmuː.rus]

Noun

mūrus m (genitive mūrī); second declension

1. wall, city wall(s), (usually of a city, as opposed to pariēs)
   • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Vergilius, Aeneis 2.234:

     “Dīvidimus mūrōs et moenia pandimus urbis.”

     “We breach the walls and lay open the defenses of the city.”

Declension

Second-declension noun.

	singular	plural
nominative	mūrus	mūrī
genitive	mūrī	mūrōrum
dative	mūrō	mūrīs
accusative	mūrum	mūrōs
ablative	mūrō	mūrīs
vocative	mūre	mūrī

Derived terms

• mūrālis
• mūrātus
• Mūrus dācicus
• Mūrus gallicus
• Mūrus Rōmulī
• pōmērium

Descendants

• Balkan Romance:
  • Aromanian: mur
  • Romanian: mur
  • → Albanian: mur
• Dalmatian:
  • mor, moir
• Italo-Romance:
  • Italian: muro
  • Sicilian: muru
• Padanian:
  • Emilian: mûr
  • Friulian: mûr
  • Romansh: mir, mür, meir
  • Venetan: muro, mur
• Northern Gallo-Romance:
  • Franco-Provençal: mur
  • Old French: mur
    • Bourguignon: meur
    • Middle French: mur
      • French: mur
    • Norman: mur
  • Walloon: meur
• Southern Gallo-Romance:
  • Catalan: mur
  • Occitan: mur, mura (Guardiol)
• Ibero-Romance:
  • Galician: muro
  • Portuguese: muro
  • Spanish: muro
  • Fala: muru
• Insular Romance:
  • Sardinian: muru

Borrowings

• → English: murus (learned)
• → Old Irish: múr
  • Irish: múr
  • Scottish Gaelic: mùr
• → Proto-Brythonic: *mʉr
  • Old Breton: mur
    • Middle Breton: mur
      • Breton: mur
  • Middle Welsh: mur
    • Welsh: mur
• → Proto-West Germanic: *mūrā (see there for further descendants)
• → Slovak: múr

See also

• pariēs

Further reading

• “murus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “murus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• "murus", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• “murus”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to throw oneself from the ramparts: se deicere de muro
    
  • to scale the walls by means of ladders: positis scalis muros ascendere
    
  • the battering-ram strikes the wall: aries murum attingit, percutit
    
  • to drive the defenders from the walls: murum nudare defensoribus
    
• “murus”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper’s Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “murus”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin