κατά

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See also: κατα-, κατά-, and κᾷτα

Ancient Greek

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Proto-Hellenic *kətá, perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *ḱm̥-teh₂, from *ḱóm (beside, with).[1] Cognate with Hittite 𒅗𒀜𒋫 (katta, down from, at, with, under),[2] Tocharian B kätk- (to lower) and perhaps Old Welsh cant, Modern Welsh gan (with). The genitive is from the PIE ablative of separation. The accusative is from the pre-PIE directional and the PIE direct object.

Pronunciation

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Preposition

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κᾰτᾰ́ (katá) (governs the genitive and accusative)

  1. [with genitive]
    1. against, opposing
    2. into
    3. against
  2. [with accusative]
    1. downwards
    2. along, through, in
    3. towards
    4. during
    5. for, for the purpose of
    6. according to, in conformity with

Derived terms

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Descendants

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  • Greek: κατά (katá)
  • Latin: cata (see there for further descendants)
  • English: cata-

References

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  1. ^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 612
  2. ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “κάτα”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 656

Further reading

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Greek

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From the Ancient Greek κᾰτά (katá).

Pronunciation

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Preposition

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κατά (katá)

  1. (with genitive) versus, against
    Antonym: υπέρ (ypér)
    Έγινε έγκλημα κατά της Ελλάδας!Égine égklima katá tis Elládas!Crimes were committed against Greece!
  2. (with accusative) towards
    Το δωμάτιο βλέπει κατά την ανατολή.To domátio vlépei katá tin anatolí.The room faces towards the east
  3. (with accusative) during
    κατά τη διάρκεια του ταξιδιούkatá ti diárkeia tou taxidioúduring the trip (literally, “toward the duration of the trip”)
  4. (with accusative) around, about, close to
    Θα έρθω κατά τις έξι το απόγευμα.Tha értho katá tis éxi to apógevma.I will come at about six in the evening.
  5. (with accusative) according
    κατά παράδοσηkatá parádositraditionally (literally, “according to tradition”)
    κατά τον Γιώργο ...katá ton Giórgo ...according to George ...

Synonyms

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Derived terms

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