交流

Chinese

		to deliver; to turn over; to make friends to deliver; to turn over; to make friends; to intersect (lines); to pay (money)	to flow; to spread; to circulate to flow; to spread; to circulate; to move
trad. (交流)		交	流
simp. #(交流)		交	流

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jiāoliú

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄠ ㄌㄧㄡˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gaau¹ lau⁴

• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): kâu-liù

  (Hailu, HRS): gau^ˋ liu

  (Meixian, Guangdong): gau¹ liu²

• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): gao¹ liu²
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): kau-liû

  (Teochew, Peng'im): gao¹ liu⁵

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹ciau-lieu₆

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jiāoliú
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄠ ㄌㄧㄡˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jiaolióu
    • Wade–Giles: chiao¹-liu²
    • Yale: jyāu-lyóu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiauliou
    • Palladius: цзяолю (czjaolju)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵ li̯oʊ̯³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: gaau¹ lau⁴
    • Yale: gāau làuh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gaau¹ lau⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: gao¹ leo⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kaːu̯⁵⁵ lɐu̯²¹/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kâu-liù
    • Hakka Romanization System: gau^ˊ liu^ˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: gau¹ liu²
    • Sinological IPA: /kau̯²⁴ li̯u¹¹/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: gau^ˋ liu
    • Sinological IPA: /kau⁵³ liu⁵⁵/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: gau¹ liu²
    • Sinological IPA: /kau⁴⁴⁻³⁵ liu¹¹/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: gao¹ liu² [Phonetic: gao⁵ liu²]
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: gau-liú
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kau⁵³³⁻¹¹ liu¹³/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: gao¹ liu² [Phonetic: gao⁵ liu²]
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kau⁵⁴⁴⁻²¹ liu²⁴/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kau-liû
    • Tâi-lô: kau-liû
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kauliuu
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /kau⁴⁴⁻²² liu²⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /kau³³ liu²⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /kau⁴⁴⁻²² liu¹³/
    • Sinological IPA (Taipei): /kau⁴⁴⁻³³ liu²⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /kau⁴⁴⁻³³ liu²³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: gao¹ liu⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kau liû
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kau³³⁻²³ liu⁵⁵/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ¹ciau-lieu₆
    • MiniDict: ciau^平 lieu^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹jiau-lieu₃
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕiɔ⁵⁵ liɤ²¹/

Verb

交流

1. to exchange; to interchange; to communicate

   思想交流  ―  sīxiǎng jiāoliú  ―  exchange of ideas

   學術交流／学术交流  ―  xuéshù jiāoliú  ―  academic exchange

   交流障礙／交流障碍  ―  jiāoliú zhàng'ài  ―  communication impairment

   人文交流  ―  rénwén jiāoliú  ―  people-to-people exchange

   交流工具  ―  jiāoliú gōngjù  ―  means of communication

   開展對外文化交流 [MSC, trad.]
   开展对外文化交流 [MSC, simp.]

   kāizhǎn duìwài wénhuà jiāoliú [Pinyin]

   to conduct cultural exchange with other countries

2. (of rivers, body fluids) to converge and flow; to interflow; to flow together

Synonyms

• (to exchange):

edit

• 上落 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
• 交察 (gău-chák) (Eastern Min)
• 交往 (jiāowǎng)
• 交插 (Hokkien)
• 交聊 (Quanzhou Hokkien, Xiamen Hokkien)
• 交遊 / 交游 (jiāoyóu)
• 交際 / 交际 (jiāojì)
• 來去 / 来去 (Hakka, Huizhou, Northern Min, Min Nan, Wu)
• 來往 / 来往 (láiwǎng)
• 周旋 (zhōuxuán)
• 往來 / 往来 (wǎnglái)
• 往還 / 往还 (wǎnghuán) (literary)
• 應酬 / 应酬
• 打交道 (dǎ jiāodào)
• 溝通 / 沟通 (gōutōng)
• 社交 (shèjiāo)
• 行踏 (Hokkien)
• 走 (zǒu)
• 過往 / 过往 (guòwǎng)
• 過從 / 过从 (guòcóng) (literary)
• 酬酢 (chóuzuò) (literary)
• 鋪排 / 铺排 (Hokkien)

Derived terms

• 交流學者 / 交流学者 (jiāoliú xuézhě)
• 交流電 / 交流电 (jiāoliúdiàn)
• 文化交流 (wénhuà jiāoliú)
• 語言交流 / 语言交流 (yǔyán jiāoliú)

Related terms

• 交換／交换 (jiāohuàn)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
交	流
こう Grade: 2	りゅう Grade: 3
on'yomi

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) こーりゅう [kòóryúú] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [ko̞ːɾʲɨː]

Noun

交(こう)流(りゅう) • (kōryū) 

1. exchange, interchange, intermingling with members of other groups, such as other cultures
2. (electricity) alternating current

Coordinate terms

• 直流(ちょくりゅう) (chokuryū)

Verb

交(こう)流(りゅう)する • (kōryū suru) suru (stem 交(こう)流(りゅう)し (kōryū shi), past 交(こう)流(りゅう)した (kōryū shita))

1. mingle, exchange, especially with members of other groups

Conjugation

Conjugation of "交流する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	交流し	こうりゅうし	kōryū shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	交流し	こうりゅうし	kōryū shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	交流する	こうりゅうする	kōryū suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	交流する	こうりゅうする	kōryū suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	交流すれ	こうりゅうすれ	kōryū sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	交流せよ¹ 交流しろ²	こうりゅうせよ¹ こうりゅうしろ²	kōryū seyo¹ kōryū shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	交流される	こうりゅうされる	kōryū sareru
Causative	交流させる 交流さす	こうりゅうさせる こうりゅうさす	kōryū saseru kōryū sasu
Potential	交流できる	こうりゅうできる	kōryū dekiru
Volitional	交流しよう	こうりゅうしよう	kōryū shiyō
Negative	交流しない	こうりゅうしない	kōryū shinai
Negative continuative	交流せず	こうりゅうせず	kōryū sezu
Formal	交流します	こうりゅうします	kōryū shimasu
Perfective	交流した	こうりゅうした	kōryū shita
Conjunctive	交流して	こうりゅうして	kōryū shite
Hypothetical conditional	交流すれば	こうりゅうすれば	kōryū sureba

¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative

References

• “交流”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026

Korean

Hanja in this term
交	流

Noun

交流 • (gyoryu) (hangeul 교류)

1. hanja form^? of 교류