open; operate (vehicle); start | primary; first; fundamental primary; first; fundamental; dollar; (dynasty) | ||
---|---|---|---|
trad. (開元) | 開 | 元 | |
simp. (开元) | 开 | 元 |
Rime | ||
---|---|---|
Character | 開 | 元 |
Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
Initial (聲) | 溪 (29) | 疑 (31) |
Final (韻) | 咍 (41) | 元 (66) |
Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
Openness (開合) | Open | Closed |
Division (等) | I | III |
Fanqie | 苦哀切 | 愚袁切 |
Baxter | khoj | ngjwon |
Reconstructions | ||
Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/kʰʌi/ | /ŋʉɐn/ |
Pan Wuyun |
/kʰəi/ | /ŋʷiɐn/ |
Shao Rongfen |
/kʰɒi/ | /ŋiuɐn/ |
Edwin Pulleyblank |
/kʰəj/ | /ŋuan/ |
Li Rong |
/kʰᴀi/ | /ŋiuɐn/ |
Wang Li |
/kʰɒi/ | /ŋĭwɐn/ |
Bernard Karlgren |
/kʰɑ̆i/ | /ŋi̯wɐn/ |
Expected Mandarin Reflex |
kāi | yuán |
Expected Cantonese Reflex |
hoi1 | jyun4 |
開元
開元