痛い
Appearance
See also: いたい
Japanese
[edit]| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 痛 |
| いた Grade: 6 |
| kun'yomi |
| Alternative spellings |
|---|
| 甚い イタい (particularly the "cringy" sense) |
Etymology
[edit]From Old Japanese 痛し (itasi),[1][2][3][4] from Proto-Japonic *ita (“painful”). Might originally be an interjection; compare English ouch.
Pronunciation
[edit]- Tokyo pitch accent of inflected forms of 痛い
| Plain | 痛い | いたい | [ìtáꜜì] |
|---|---|---|---|
| Conjunctive | 痛くて | いたくて いたくて |
[ìtáꜜkùtè] [íꜜtàkùtè] |
| Continuative | 痛く | いたく いたく |
[ìtáꜜkù] [íꜜtàkù] |
| Negative | 痛くない | いたく・ない いたく・ない |
[ìtáꜜkù náꜜì] [íꜜtàkù náꜜì] |
| Past | 痛かった | いたかった いたかった |
[ìtáꜜkàttà] [íꜜtàkàttà] |
| Negative past | 痛くなかった | いたく・なかった いたく・なかった |
[ìtáꜜkù náꜜkàttà] [íꜜtàkù náꜜkàttà] |
| Conditional | 痛ければ | いたければ いたければ |
[ìtáꜜkèrèbà] [íꜜtàkèrèbà] |
| Terminal | 痛い | いたい | [ìtáꜜì] |
| Formal | 痛いです | いたいです | [ìtáꜜì dèsù] |
Adjective
[edit]痛い • (itai) -i (adverbial 痛く (itaku))
- painful
- 頭が痛い。
- Atama ga itai.
- I have a headache.
- お腹が痛い。
- Onaka ga itai.
- My stomach hurts.
- 痛っ!
- Ita'!
- Ow!
- 頭が痛い。
- イタい: (slang) cringy; embarrassing
- (Can we date this quote?), いたる, “#31 アオバ、妹いるってよ”, in キモオタ、アイドルやるってよ[2]:
- (obsolete) wonderful, pleasant
Usage notes
[edit]The desiderative suffix たい (tai) is ultimately derived from this word. The sense of “wonderful” may have influenced this development.
The shift in meaning towards only meaning “painful” is similar to the changes of the word すばらしい (subarashii, “terrible→wonderful”) but in the opposite direction. English awful underwent a similar evolution while terrific, sick, and wicked went the direction of すばらしい (subarashii, “terrible→wonderful”).
Inflection
[edit]| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Imperfective (未然形) | 痛かろ | いたかろ | itakaro |
| Continuative (連用形) | 痛く | いたく | itaku |
| Terminal (終止形) | 痛い | いたい | itai |
| Attributive (連体形) | 痛い | いたい | itai |
| Hypothetical (仮定形) | 痛けれ | いたけれ | itakere |
| Imperative (命令形) | 痛かれ | いたかれ | itakare |
| Key constructions | |||
| Informal negative | 痛くない | いたくない | itaku nai |
| Informal past | 痛かった | いたかった | itakatta |
| Informal negative past | 痛くなかった | いたくなかった | itaku nakatta |
| Formal | 痛いです | いたいです | itai desu |
| Formal negative | 痛くないです | いたくないです | itaku nai desu |
| Formal past | 痛かったです | いたかったです | itakatta desu |
| Formal negative past | 痛くなかったです | いたくなかったです | itaku nakatta desu |
| Conjunctive | 痛くて | いたくて | itakute |
| Conditional | 痛ければ | いたければ | itakereba |
| Provisional | 痛かったら | いたかったら | itakattara |
| Volitional | 痛かろう | いたかろう | itakarō |
| Adverbial | 痛く | いたく | itaku |
| Degree | 痛さ | いたさ | itasa |
Synonyms
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]- 片腹痛い (kataharaitai): ridiculous, absurd
- 手痛い (teitai): severe (situation)
- 痛い痛い病 (itai itai byō): itai-itai disease (lit. ouch-ouch-disease)
- 痛車 (itasha): a vehicle decorated with images of fictional anime, manga, or game characters
- 痛チャリ (itachari): a bicycle decorated with images of fictional anime, manga, or game characters
- 痛電 (itaden): a train car decorated with images of fictional anime, manga, or game characters
- 痛単車 (itansha): a motorcycle decorated with images of fictional anime, manga, or game characters
- 痛部屋 (itabeya): a room decorated with images of fictional anime, manga, or game characters
References
[edit]- ^ Frellesvig, Bjarke; Stephen Wright Horn; et al. (eds.) (2023), “Old Japanese ita-”, in Oxford-NINJAL Corpus of Old Japanese[1]
- ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988), 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (1995), 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1974), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Second edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō
- “痛い”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia][3] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026
Categories:
- Japanese terms spelled with 痛 read as いた
- Japanese terms read with kun'yomi
- Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese
- Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese
- Japanese terms inherited from Proto-Japonic
- Japanese terms derived from Proto-Japonic
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese terms with Nakadaka pitch accent (Tōkyō)
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation with pitch accent
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese adjectives
- Japanese い-i adjectives
- Japanese terms spelled with sixth grade kanji
- Japanese terms with 1 kanji
- Japanese terms with usage examples
- Japanese slang
- Japanese terms with obsolete senses
- Japanese words that have undergone pejoration