汕頭

See also: 汕头

Chinese

		Swatow	head; (noun suffix)
trad. (汕頭)		汕	頭
simp. (汕头)		汕	头

Etymology

While the modern Teochew pronunciation contains the first syllable in the yinping (陰平／阴平) tone, as attested in Handbook of the Swatow Vernacular [1886] by Lim Hiong Seng, it appears that historically the first syllable of the toponym had the yinqu (陰去／阴去) tone. The pronunciation Suàⁿ-thâu is recorded in A Pronouncing and Defining Dictionary of the Swatow Dialect [1883] by Adele M. Fielde and English-Chinese Vocabulary of the Vernacular Or Spoken Language of Swatow [1883] by William Duffus.

The toponym is a shortening of 沙汕頭／沙汕头. In 1717, a fort, 沙汕頭砲臺, was constructed in the area, which was then under the administration of Chenghai (澄海) county. Both 沙汕頭／沙汕头 and 汕頭／汕头 are attested in 潮州海防圖說 [c. 18th century] by official Lan Dingyuan (藍鼎元). 沙汕 is cognate with Hokkien 沙線／沙线 (soa-sòaⁿ, “sandbank”).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): Shàntóu

  (Zhuyin): ㄕㄢˋ ㄊㄡˊ

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): saan³ tau⁴

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): san¹ heu³

• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): San-thèu / Sân-thèu
• Eastern Min (BUC): Sáng-tàu
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): Sòaⁿ-thâu

  (Teochew, Peng'im): suan¹ tao⁵

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: Shàntóu
    • Zhuyin: ㄕㄢˋ ㄊㄡˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: Shàntóu
    • Wade–Giles: Shan⁴-tʻou²
    • Yale: Shàn-tóu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Shanntour
    • Palladius: Шаньтоу (Šanʹtou)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂän⁵¹ tʰoʊ̯³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: saan³ tau⁴
    • Yale: saan tàuh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: saan³ tau⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: san³ teo⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /saːn³³ tʰɐu̯²¹/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: san¹ heu³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /san³³ heu²²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: San-thèu / Sân-thèu
    • Hakka Romanization System: san teuˇ / san´ teuˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: san⁴ teu² / san¹ teu²
    • Sinological IPA: /san⁵⁵ tʰeu̯¹¹/, /san²⁴ tʰeu̯¹¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: Sáng-tàu
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /saŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ ^(tʰ-)nau⁵³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Sòaⁿ-thâu
    • Tâi-lô: Suànn-thâu
    • Phofsit Daibuun: svoartaau
    • IPA (Xiamen): /suã²¹⁻⁵³ tʰau²⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /suã⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ tʰau²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /suã²¹⁻⁵³ tʰau¹³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /suã¹¹⁻⁵³ tʰau²⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /suã²¹⁻⁴¹ tʰau²³/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: suan¹ tao⁵
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: suaⁿ thâu
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sũã³³⁻²³ tʰau⁵⁵/

Proper noun

汕頭

1. (～市) Shantou (a prefecture-level city in Guangdong, China)

Synonyms

• 鮀城／𬶍城 (Tuóchéng)
• 鮀島／𬶍岛 (Tuódǎo)

Derived terms

• 汕頭話／汕头话 (Shàntóuhuà)

 

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (汕頭):

• → Japanese: 汕頭(せんとう) (Sentō)
• → Korean: 산두(汕頭) (Sandu)
• → Vietnamese: Sán Đầu (汕頭)

Others:

• → English: Shantou, Swatow
  • → Japanese: 汕頭(スワトウ) (Suwatō)
• → Japanese: 汕頭(シャントウ) (Shantō)
• → Korean: 산터우 (Santeou)
• → Thai: ซัวเถา (suua-tǎo)

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
汕	頭
すわ Hyōgaiji	とう Grade: 2
irregular

Alternative spelling
仙頭 (misspelling)

From English Swatow, from Teochew 汕頭／汕头 (suan1 tao5).

Alternative forms

• 汕頭(せんとう) (Sentō), 汕頭(シャントウ) (Shantō)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [sɨᵝɰᵝa̠to̞ː]

Proper noun

汕頭(スワトウ) • (Suwatō) ^{←スワタウ (swatau)?}

1. Shantou (a prefecture-level city in Guangdong, China)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
汕	頭
せん Hyōgaiji	とう Grade: 2
on’yomi

The Sino-Japanese reading of Chinese 汕頭／汕头 (Shàntóu).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [sẽ̞nto̞ː]

Proper noun

汕(せん)頭(とう) • (Sentō) ^{←せんとう (sentou)?}

1. Alternative form of 汕頭 (Suwatō, “Shantou (a prefecture-level city in Guangdong, China)”)

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
汕	頭
しゃん Hyōgaiji	とう Grade: 2
irregular

From Mandarin 汕頭／汕头 (Shàntóu).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɕã̠nto̞ː]

Proper noun

汕頭(シャントウ) • (Shantō) 

1. Alternative form of 汕頭 (Suwatō, “Shantou (a prefecture-level city in Guangdong, China)”)