髑髏
Chinese
[edit]skull | skull | ||
---|---|---|---|
trad. (髑髏) | 髑 | 髏 | |
simp. (髑髅) | 髑 | 髅 |
Etymology
[edit]Cognate with 頭顱 (OC *doː b·raː) and 𩑒顱 (MC dak|traek|trhaek lu). The first syllable 髑 (OC *doːɡ) is a Sino-Tibetan item probably from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *tuk ~ *twak (“head; skull; neck”), whence also 脰 (OC *doːs, “neck”). The second syllable, 髏 (OC *roː) is likely a reduplication syllable starting with *r/*l (Schuessler, 2007). Alternatively but less likely, the second syllable is related to 婁 (OC *ɡ·roː) with a hypothetical meaning of "empty" or "dried" (see 婁婁/娄娄 (“empty”)); compare Mizo lu ro (“skull”) (lit. "dried head"), with the second syllable ro meaning "dry".
Words that appear similar to 髑髏 (OC *doːɡ roː) include 顱 (MC lu, “skull”) and Khmer រលា (rɔliə, “forehead; cranium; skull”).
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄉㄨˊ ㄌㄡˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: dúlóu
- Wade–Giles: tu2-lou2
- Yale: dú-lóu
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dwulou
- Palladius: дулоу (dulou)
- Sinological IPA (key): /tu³⁵ loʊ̯³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: duk6 lau4
- Yale: duhk làuh
- Cantonese Pinyin: duk9 lau4
- Guangdong Romanization: dug6 leo4
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʊk̚² lɐu̯²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Southern Min
- Middle Chinese: duwk luw
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*doːɡ roː/
Noun
[edit]髑髏
Japanese
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
髑 | 髏 |
どく Hyōgai |
ろ Hyōgai |
goon | kan'yōon |
From Middle Chinese 髑髏 (MC duwk luw, “skull”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
髑 | 髏 |
されこうべ | |
Hyōgai | Hyōgai |
jukujikun |
/sarekaube/ → /sarekɔːbe/ → /sarekoːbe/
Compound of 曝れ (sare, “weathering”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 曝れる (sareru, “to weather, to degrade in color or form due to long exposure to wind, rain, and sun”)) + 頭 (kōbe, “head”).[4][5][1][3]
The kanji spelling is an example of jukujikun (熟字訓).
The fricative readings are less common, and derive as shifts from sarekōbe:
- /sarekoːbe/ → /ɕarekoːbe/
- /sarekoːbe/ → /ɕarekoːbe/ → /ɕarikoːbe/
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]髑髏 • (sarekōbe) ←されかうべ (sarekaube)?
(alternative reading hiragana しゃれこうべ, rōmaji sharekōbe, historical hiragana しやれかうべ)
(alternative reading hiragana しゃりこうべ, rōmaji sharikōbe, historical hiragana しやりかうべ)
Synonyms
[edit]Basic sense of skull:
References
[edit]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ^ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- Chinese terms inherited from Proto-Sino-Tibetan
- Chinese terms derived from Proto-Sino-Tibetan
- Chinese lemmas
- Mandarin lemmas
- Cantonese lemmas
- Hokkien lemmas
- Middle Chinese lemmas
- Old Chinese lemmas
- Chinese nouns
- Mandarin nouns
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- Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Chinese terms spelled with 髑
- Chinese terms spelled with 髏
- Literary Chinese terms with quotations
- Chinese disyllabic morphemes
- zh:Bones
- Japanese terms spelled with 髑 read as どく
- Japanese terms spelled with 髏 read as ろ
- Japanese terms read with on'yomi
- Japanese terms borrowed from Middle Chinese
- Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese
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- Japanese lemmas
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- Japanese terms spelled with 髑
- Japanese terms spelled with 髏
- Japanese terms read with jukujikun
- Japanese compound terms
- Japanese terms spelled with jukujikun
- Japanese words with multiple readings
- ja:Skeleton