髑髏

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See also: 髑髅

Chinese

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skull skull
trad. (髑髏)
simp. (髑髅)

Etymology

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Cognate with 頭顱 (OC *doː b·raː) and 𩑒顱 (MC dak|traek|trhaek lu). The first syllable (OC *doːɡ) is a Sino-Tibetan item probably from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *tuk ~ *twak (head; skull; neck), whence also (OC *doːs, “neck”). The second syllable, (OC *roː) is likely a reduplication syllable starting with *r/*l (Schuessler, 2007). Alternatively but less likely, the second syllable is related to (OC *ɡ·roː) with a hypothetical meaning of "empty" or "dried" (see 婁婁娄娄 (“empty”)); compare Mizo lu ro (skull) (lit. "dried head"), with the second syllable ro meaning "dry".

Words that appear similar to 髑髏 (OC *doːɡ roː) include (MC lu, “skull”) and Khmer រលា (rɔliə, forehead; cranium; skull).

Pronunciation

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Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Initial () (7) (37)
Final () (3) (137)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division () I I
Fanqie
Baxter duwk luw
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/duk̚/ /ləu/
Pan
Wuyun
/duk̚/ /ləu/
Shao
Rongfen
/duk̚/ /ləu/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/dəwk̚/ /ləw/
Li
Rong
/duk̚/ /lu/
Wang
Li
/duk̚/ /ləu/
Bernard
Karlgren
/dʱuk̚/ /lə̯u/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
lóu
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
duk6 lau4
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1 1/1
No. 11819 8459
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0 0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*doːɡ/ /*roː/

Noun

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髑髏

  1. skull of a corpse
  2. head of a corpse

Japanese

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Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
どく
Hyōgai

Hyōgai
goon kan'yōon

From Middle Chinese 髑髏 (MC duwk luw, “skull”).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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(どく)() (dokuro

  1. a weathered clean skull
  2. a death's head
Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
されこうべ
Hyōgai Hyōgai
jukujikun

/sarekaube//sarekɔːbe//sarekoːbe/

Compound of 曝れ (sare, weathering, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, continuative or stem form) of verb 曝れる (sareru, to weather, to degrade in color or form due to long exposure to wind, rain, and sun)) +‎ (kōbe, head).[4][5][1][3]

The kanji spelling is an example of jukujikun (熟字訓).

The fricative readings are less common, and derive as shifts from sarekōbe:

  • /sarekoːbe//ɕarekoːbe/
  • /sarekoːbe//ɕarekoːbe//ɕarikoːbe/

Pronunciation

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Noun

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髑髏(されこうべ) (sarekōbeされかうべ (sarekaube)?
(alternative reading hiragana しゃれこうべ, rōmaji sharekōbe, historical hiragana しやれかうべ)
(alternative reading hiragana しゃりこうべ, rōmaji sharikōbe, historical hiragana しやりかうべ)

  1. a weathered clean skull
Synonyms
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Basic sense of skull:

References

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  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
  3. 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  4. ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  5. ^ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN