то
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Bulgarian
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]то • (to) n (personal)
- it; the neuter third-person singular pronoun in the nominative case, used as the subject of a verb.
- Тя взе бебето и го държеше в ръцете си, но то продължаваше да плаче.
- Tja vze bebeto i go dǎržeše v rǎcete si, no to prodǎlžavaše da plače.
- She took the baby and held it in her arms, but it continued to cry.
- То се знае.
- To se znae.
- It is well known.
Related terms
[edit]Bulgarian personal pronouns
Number | Person | Gender | Nominative (subject) |
Accusative (direct complement) |
Dative (indirect complement) |
Prepositional | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Full | Short | Full | Short | |||||
Singular | First | — | аз (az) | мен (men) ме́не (méne) |
ме (me) | ме́не (méne) | ми (mi) | мен (men) ме́не (méne) |
Second | Informal | ти (ti) | теб (teb) те́бе (tébe) |
те (te) | те́бе (tébe) | ти (ti) | теб (teb) те́бе (tébe) | |
Formal | Ви́е (Víe) | Вас (Vas) | Ви (Vi) | Вам (Vam) | Ви (Vi) | Вас (Vas) | ||
Third | Masculine | той (toj) | не́го (négo) | го (go) | не́му (nému) | му (mu) | не́го (négo) | |
Feminine | тя (tja) | не́я (néja) | я (ja) | ней (nej) | ѝ (ì) | не́я (néja) | ||
Neuter | то (to) | не́го (négo) | го (go) | не́му (nému) | му (mu) | не́го (négo) | ||
Plural | First | — | ни́е (níe) ний (nij) |
нас (nas) | ни (ni) | нам (nam) | ни (ni) | нас (nas) |
Second | Informal | ви́е (víe) вий (vij) |
вас (vas) | ви (vi) | вам (vam) | ви (vi) | вас (vas) | |
Formal | Ви́е (Víe) | Вас (Vas) | Ви (Vi) | Вам (Vam) | Ви (Vi) | Вас (Vas) | ||
Third | — | те (te) | тях (tjah) | ги (gi) | тям (tjam) | им (im) | тях (tjah) |
Particle
[edit]то • (to)
- used to show the logical result of a particular statement or situation; then, in that case
- Ако пристигнеш навреме, то ще можеш веднага да се включиш.
- Ako pristigneš navreme, to šte možeš vednaga da se vključiš.
- If you arrive on time, then you can immediately join in.
- Ако те не отидат, то и ние няма да отидем.
- Ako te ne otidat, to i nie njama da otidem.
- If they do not go, we shan’t go there either.
- Used for emphasis in various statements expressing amazement, indignation, etc. No precise equivalent in English, is often best translated by rephrasing the surrounding sentence.
- То беше радост, то бяха викове.
- To beše radost, to bjaha vikove.
- And oh what rejoicing and shouting there was.
- То бива, бива, ама вече прекаляваш.
- To biva, biva, ama veče prekaljavaš.
- Really, that’s the limit, you've gone too far.
- А бе то стана една!
- A be to stana edna!
- The fat is in the fire.
Derived terms
[edit]Anagrams
[edit]Mariupol Greek
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Contraction of ато́ (ató), from Ancient Greek αὐτό (autó). Cognates include Greek αυτό (aftó) (contracted το (to)).
Pronunciation
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]то • (to) (emphatic form ато́)
Declension
[edit]Mariupol Greek personal pronouns | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | ||||||||
1st | 2nd | 3rd m | 3rd f | 3rd n | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | ||
nominative | го (ho) |
сы (sy) |
тос (tos) |
ты (ty) |
то (to) |
мис (mis) |
сыс (sys) |
тын (tyn) | |
oblique | мэ́на (ména) |
сэ́на (séna) |
то́на (tóna) |
ты́на (týna) |
мас (mas) |
сас (sas) |
тынц (tync) | ||
clitic | -ми (-mi) |
-сы (-sy) |
-тун (-tun) |
-тын (-tyn) |
-ту (-tu) |
-мас (-mas) |
-сас (-sas) |
-ц (-c) |
References
[edit]- G. A. Animica, M. P. Galikbarova (2013) Румеку глоса[1], Donetsk, page 4
Russian
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Determiner
[edit]то • (to) n sg (demonstrative)
- neuter nominative/accusative singular of тот (tot)
Pronoun
[edit]то • (to) n sg (demonstrative)
- neuter nominative/accusative singular of тот (tot)
Pronoun
[edit]то • (to) n inan sg (demonstrative)
- Used to link an interrogative content clause in the following constructions. Usually omitted in English translations. In some cases can also be, and sometimes usually is, omitted in Russian, along with any linked prepositions.
- Э́то то, что де́лает нас счастли́выми. ― Éto to, što délajet nas sčastlívymi. ― This is what makes us happy.
- То, что он сде́лал, про́сто недопусти́мо. ― To, što on sdélal, prósto nedopustímo. ― What he did is simply unacceptable.
- Э́то вы́звано тем, что ты сказа́л. ― Éto výzvano tem, što ty skazál. ― This was caused by what you said.
- Мне ну́жно то, над чем рабо́тать. ― Mne núžno to, nad čem rabótatʹ. ― I need something to work on.
- То, что не убива́ет меня́, де́лает меня́ сильне́е. ― To, što ne ubivájet menjá, délajet menjá silʹnéje. ― What doesn't kill me makes me stronger.
- Э́то свя́зано с тем, как он ведёт себя́. ― Éto svjázano s tem, kak on vedjót sebjá. ― It's related to how he behaves.
- То, как он вёл себя́, про́сто недопусти́мо. ― To, kak on vjol sebjá, prósto nedopustímo. ― How he behaved is simply unacceptable.
- Мы говори́м о том, как писа́ть пра́вильно. ― My govorím o tom, kak pisátʹ právilʹno. ― We're talking about how to write correctly.
- Пробле́ма в том, заче́м он э́то сде́лал. ― Probléma v tom, začém on éto sdélal. ― The problem lies in why he did it.
- Мы не уве́рены (в том), как он э́то сде́лал. ― My ne uvéreny (v tom), kak on éto sdélal. ― We're not sure how he did it.
- (usually before что (što)) Used to link a declarative content clause in the following constructions. Often omitted in English translations, but can sometimes be translated as "the fact (that)". In some cases can also be, and sometimes usually is, omitted in Russian, along with any linked prepositions.
- несмотря́ на то́, что ― nesmotrjá na tó, što ― despite the fact that
- Мы не уве́рены (в том), что э́тих мер доста́точно. ― My ne uvéreny (v tom), što étix mer dostátočno. ― We're not sure that these measures are sufficient.
- Меня́ раздража́ет (то), что магази́ны все закры́ты. ― Menjá razdražájet (to), što magazíny vse zakrýty. ― It annoys me that the shops are all closed.
- Optionally used in the following construction to refer to the thing denoted by что (što) earlier in the sentence. Can be omitted, and in English usually the sentence is translated without it too. Has the meaning "that thing".
- Used in various collocations to refer to the content of a sentence or clause just mentioned by the speaker.
- бо́лее того́ ― bóleje tovó ― moreover/furthermore (literally, “more than that”)
- кро́ме того́ ― króme tovó ― also/additionally (literally, “aside from that”)
- и тому́ подо́бное ― i tomú podóbnoje ― and that kind of thing (literally, “and similar to that”)
- то́ есть ― tó jestʹ ― i.e. (literally, “that is”)
- Used in certain collocations to emphasise contrast with something else.
Declension
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]- а то́ (a tó)
- бо́лее того́ (bóleje tovó)
- вме́сте с те́м (vméste s tém)
- во что́ бы то ни ста́ло (vo štó by to ni stálo)
- до того́ как (do tovó kak)
- и то́ (i tó)
- и тому́ подо́бное (i tomú podóbnoje)
- к тому́ же (k tomú že)
- ка́к бы то ни́ было (kák by to ní bylo)
- кро́ме того́ (króme tovó)
- не то́ что́бы (ne tó štóby)
- несмотря́ на то́, что (nesmotrjá na tó, što)
- ни с того́ ни с сего́ (ni s tovó ni s sevó)
- ни то́ ни сё (ni tó ni sjo)
- одно́ и то же (odnó i to že)
- оттого́ (ottovó)
- пе́ред тем как (péred tem kak)
- по́сле того́ как (pósle tovó kak)
- потому́ (potomú)
- потому́ что (potomú što)
- прито́м (pritóm)
- тем бо́лее (tem bóleje)
- тем вре́менем (tem vrémenem)
- тем не ме́нее (tem ne méneje)
- тем са́мым (tem sámym)
- -то (-to)
- то есть (to jestʹ)
- то же, что (to že, što)
- то и де́ло (to i délo)
- то и́ли ино́е (to íli inóje)
- то ли (to li)
- то ли де́ло (to li délo)
- то́-то (tó-to)
- то́же (tóže)
- тому́ наза́д (tomú nazád)
- тот же са́мый (tot že sámyj)
- то́т-то (tót-to)
See also
[edit]- э́то (éto)
Conjunction
[edit]то • (to)
- Optional part of "е́сли (jésli, “if”) …, то (to, “then”) …"–type constructions, sometimes translated to "then" in English (but used more often than the English equivalent).
- Е́сли не сейча́с, (то) в сле́дующий раз. ― Jésli ne sejčás, (to) v slédujuščij raz. ― If not now, (then) next time.
- Е́сли что́-нибудь найду́, (то) сообщу́. ― Jésli štó-nibudʹ najdú, (to) soobščú. ― If I find anything, I'll let you know.
- Когда́ я просну́лась, (то) лежа́ла на крова́ти. ― Kogdá ja prosnúlasʹ, (to) ležála na krováti. ― When I woke up, I was lying on the bed.
- Что каса́ется э́того, (то) нет. ― Što kasájetsja étovo, (to) net. ― As far as that's concerned, no.
- Раз уж дал обеща́ние, (то) выполня́ет. ― Raz už dal obeščánije, (to) vypolnjájet. ― Since he made the promise, he's fulfilling it.
- Used to denote repeated alternation of enumerated actions, events or objects.
- То холодры́га, то ле́то. ― To xolodrýga, to léto. ― It's freezing one minute then summer the next.
- То он занима́ется му́зыкой, то он снима́ется в кино́. ― To on zanimájetsja múzykoj, to on snimájetsja v kinó. ― If he's not doing music, he's doing movies.
Descendants
[edit]- → Ingrian: too
Anagrams
[edit]- от (ot)
Tajik
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Inherited from Classical Persian تَا (tā)
Preposition
[edit]то • (to) (Persian spelling تا)
Derived terms
[edit]- то- (to-, “pre-”)
Etymology 2
[edit]Inherited from Classical Persian طَاء (tā'), from Arabic طَاء (ṭāʔ).
Noun
[edit]то • (to) (Persian spelling طاء or طا)
- The name of the Arabic script letter: ط
Further reading
[edit]- “то”, in Вожаҷӯ / واژهجو [Vožajü] (in Tajik), 2024
Tundra Nenets
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/%D0%9E%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B5%2C_%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE_%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%2C_%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C.jpg/220px-%D0%9E%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE_%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B5%2C_%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE_%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%2C_%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C.jpg)
From Proto-Samoyedic *to, from Proto-Uralic *towe.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]то • (to)
Declension
[edit]Declension of то (to) (regular) | |||
---|---|---|---|
singular | dual | plural | |
nominative | то (to) | тохоʼ (toxoh) | тоˮ (toq) |
genitive | тоʼ (toh) | тохоʼ (toxoh) | тоˮ (toq) |
accusative | том (tom°) | тохоʼ (toxoh) | то (to) |
allative | тон (ton°) | тохоняʼ (toxonyah) | тохоˮ (toxoq) |
locative | тохона (toxona) | тохоняна (toxonyana) | тохоˮна (toxoqna) |
ablative | тоход (toxod°) | тохоняд (toxonyad°) | тохот (toxot°) |
prolative | товна (towna) | тохонямна (toxonyamna) | тоˮмӑна (toqmăna) |
Etymology 2
[edit]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/H._albicilla_wing.png/220px-H._albicilla_wing.png)
From Proto-Samoyedic *tuəj.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]то • (to)
Declension
[edit]Declension of то (to) (regular) | |||
---|---|---|---|
singular | dual | plural | |
nominative | то (to) | тохоʼ (toxoh) | тоˮ (toq) |
genitive | тоʼ (toh) | тохоʼ (toxoh) | тоˮ (toq) |
accusative | том (tom°) | тохоʼ (toxoh) | то (to) |
allative | тон (ton°) | тохоняʼ (toxonyah) | тохоˮ (toxoq) |
locative | тохона (toxona) | тохоняна (toxonyana) | тохоˮна (toxoqna) |
ablative | тоход (toxod°) | тохоняд (toxonyad°) | тохот (toxot°) |
prolative | товна (towna) | тохонямна (toxonyamna) | тоˮмӑна (toqmăna) |
References
[edit]- Pyrerka, A. P., Tereščenko, N. M. (1948) Русско-ненецкий словарь [Russian–Nenets Dictionary], Moscow: Огиз, pages 121, 165
- N. M. Tereschenko (2005) “то”, in Словарь ненецко-русский и русско-ненецкий, 3rd edition, Saint Petersburg: Просвещение, →ISBN
- Irina Nikolaeva (2014) A Grammar of Tundra Nenets, Walter de Gruyter GmbH, →ISBN, page 25
Categories:
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