ես

See also: Appendix:Variations of "es"

Armenian

Etymology 1

From Old Armenian ես (es).

Alternative forms

• յես (yes) — 1922–1940 reformed orthography

Pronunciation

• (Eastern Armenian) IPA^(key): /jes/, [jes]
• (Western Armenian) IPA^(key): /jes/, [jes]

• Audio (Eastern Armenian):

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Pronoun

ես • (es)

2. (personal) I

   Ես ունեմ մեծ տուն։ ― Es unem mec tun. ― I have a big house.

Declension

Eastern Armenian

	singular
nominative	ես (es)
genitive	իմ (im)
dative	ինձ (inj)
accusative	ինձ (inj)
ablative	ինձնից/ինձանից (injnicʻ/injanicʻ)
instrumental	ինձնով/ինձանով (injnov/injanov)
locative	ինձնում/ինձանում (injnum/injanum)

Western Armenian, traditional orthography

	singular
nominative	ես (es)
genitive	իմ (im)
dative	ինծի (inci)
accusative	զիս (zis)
ablative	ինձմէ/ինծմէ (injmē/incmē)
instrumental	ինձմով/ինծմով (injmov/incmov)

See also

Eastern Armenian personal pronouns

		singular	plural
1st person		ես (es)	մենք (menkʻ)
2nd person	familiar	դու (du)	դուք (dukʻ)
	polite	Դուք (Dukʻ)
3rd person		նա (na)	նրանք (nrankʻ)

Western Armenian personal pronouns (Traditional orthography)

		singular	plural
1st person		ես (es)	մենք (menkʻ)
2nd person	familiar	դուն (dun)	դուք (dukʻ)
	polite	Դուք (Dukʻ)
3rd person		ան (an)	անոնք (anonkʻ)

Noun

ես • (es)

1. ego, the self

Declension

i-type, inanimate (Eastern Armenian)

	singular	plural
nominative	ես (es)	եսեր (eser)
dative	եսի (esi)	եսերի (eseri)
ablative	եսից (esicʻ)	եսերից (esericʻ)
instrumental	եսով (esov)	եսերով (eserov)
locative	եսում (esum)	եսերում (eserum)
	definite forms
nominative	եսը / եսն (esə / esn)	եսերը/եսերն (eserə/esern)
dative	եսին (esin)	եսերին (eserin)
	1st person possessive forms (my)
nominative	եսս (ess)	եսերս (esers)
dative	եսիս (esis)	եսերիս (eseris)
ablative	եսիցս (esicʻs)	եսերիցս (esericʻs)
instrumental	եսովս (esovs)	եսերովս (eserovs)
locative	եսումս (esums)	եսերումս (eserums)
	2nd person possessive forms (your)
nominative	եսդ (esd)	եսերդ (eserd)
dative	եսիդ (esid)	եսերիդ (eserid)
ablative	եսիցդ (esicʻd)	եսերիցդ (esericʻd)
instrumental	եսովդ (esovd)	եսերովդ (eserovd)
locative	եսումդ (esumd)	եսերումդ (eserumd)

Etymology 2

From Old Armenian ես (es).

Alternative forms

• յես (yes) — 1922–1940 reformed orthography, following a vowel

Pronunciation

(following a vowel:)

• (Eastern Armenian) IPA^(key): /jes/, [jes]
• (Western Armenian) IPA^(key): /jes/, [jes]

(following a consonant:)

• (Eastern Armenian) IPA^(key): /es/, [es]
• (Western Armenian) IPA^(key): /es/, [es]

Verb

ես • (es)

1. second-person singular present of եմ (em)

   Դու հայ ես։ ― Du hay es. ― You are Armenian.

   Դու հայ չես։ ― Du hay čʻes. ― You are not an Armenian.

   Դու գիրքը կարդալու ես։ ― Du girkʻə kardalu es. ― You will read the book.

Old Armenian

Etymology 1

From Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂.

Pronoun

ես • (es)

2. (personal) I

   ես ինքն ― es inkʻn ― myself

   ահաւասիկ ես ― ahawasik es ― here I am, here am I

   ես եմ ― es em ― it is I

Declension

pronominal

	singular	plural
nominative	ես (es)	մեք (mekʻ)
genitive	իմ (im)	մեր (mer)
dative	ինձ (inj)	մեզ (mez)
accusative	իս (is)	մեզ (mez)
ablative	ինէն, ինձէն1 (inēn, injēn1)	մէնջ, մեզէն1, մեզոյն1 (mēnǰ, mezēn1, mezoyn1)
instrumental	ինեւ (inew)	մեւք, մեօք = մեաւք (mewkʻ, meōkʻ = meawkʻ)
locative	իս (is)	մեզ (mez)

an instrumental ինեաւ (ineaw) is also attested; moreover, an ablative իսանէ (isanē) is attested post-classically
¹ these secondary ablative forms may be used in an intensifying role: ես ինձէն աչօք տեսի ― es injēn ačʻōkʻ tesi ― I saw with my own eyes

Descendants

• Armenian: ես (es)

See also

Old Armenian personal pronouns

		singular	plural
1st person		ես (es)	մեք (mekʻ)
2nd person		դու (du)	դուք (dukʻ)
3rd person		նա (na)	նոքա (nokʻa)

Etymology 2

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁éssi, second-person singular present indicative of *h₁ésti.

Verb

ես • (es)

2. second-person singular present active indicative of եմ (em)

References

• Petrosean, Matatʻeay (1879) “ես”, in Nor Baṙagirkʻ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
• Awetikʻean, G., Siwrmēlean, X., Awgerean, M. (1836–1837) “ես”, in Nor baṙgirkʻ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
• Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1971–1979) “ես”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, Yerevan: University Press
• Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden and Boston: Brill, page 255
• Thorsø, Rasmus (2023) Prehistoric loanwords in Armenian: Hurro-Urartian, Kartvelian, and the unclassified substrate‎^[1], PhD dissertation, Leiden University, pages 24-25