ես

See also: Appendix:Variations of "es"

Armenian

Etymology 1

From Old Armenian ես (es).

Alternative forms

• յես (yes) – reformed orthography spelling in 1922–1940

Pronunciation

• (Eastern Armenian, standard) IPA^(key): [jɛs]
• (Western Armenian, standard) IPA^(key): [jɛs]

Pronoun

ես • (es)

2. (personal) I

   Ես ունեմ մեծ տուն։ ― Es unem mec tun. ― I have a big house.

Declension

    declension of ես   (Eastern Armenian)

	singular
nominative	ես (es)
genitive	իմ (im)
dative	ինձ (inj)
accusative	ինձ (inj)
ablative	ինձնից/ինձանից (injnicʿ/injanicʿ)
instrumental	ինձնով/ինձանով (injnov/injanov)
locative	ինձնում/ինձանում (injnum/injanum)

    declension of ես   (Western Armenian, traditional orthography)

	singular
nominative	ես (es)
genitive	իմ (im)
dative	ինծի (inci)
accusative	զիս (zis)
ablative	ինձմէ/ինծմէ (injmē/incmē)
instrumental	ինձմով/ինծմով (injmov/incmov)

See also

Eastern Armenian personal pronouns

		singular	plural
1st person		ես (es)	մենք (menkʿ)
2nd person	familiar	դու (du)	դուք (dukʿ)
	polite	Դուք (Dukʿ)
3rd person		նա (na)	նրանք (nrankʿ)

Western Armenian personal pronouns (Traditional orthography)

		singular	plural
1st person		ես (es)	մենք (menkʿ)
2nd person	familiar	դուն (dun)	դուք (dukʿ)
	polite	Դուք (Dukʿ)
3rd person		ան (an)	անոնք (anonkʿ)

Etymology 2

From Old Armenian ես (es).

Alternative forms

• յես (yes) – reformed orthography spelling in 1922–1940, following a vowel

Pronunciation

• (Eastern Armenian, standard) IPA^(key): [ɛs], (following a vowel) IPA^(key): [jɛs]
• (Western Armenian, standard) IPA^(key): [ɛs], (following a vowel) IPA^(key): [jɛs]

Verb

ես • (es)

1. second-person singular present of եմ (em)

   Դու հայ ես։ ― Du hay es. ― You are Armenian.

   Դու հայ չես։ ― Du hay čʿes. ― You are not an Armenian.

   Դու գիրքը կարդալու ես։ ― Du girkʿə kardalu es. ― You will read the book.

Old Armenian

Etymology 1

From Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂.

Pronoun

ես • (es)

2. (personal) I

   ես ինքն ― es inkʿn ― myself

   ահաւասիկ ես ― ahawasik es ― here I am, here am I

   ես եմ ― es em ― it is I

Declension

pronominal

	singular		plural
nominative	ես (es)		մեք (mekʿ)
genitive	իմ (im)		մեր (mer)
dative	ինձ (inj)		մեզ (mez)
accusative	իս (is)		մեզ (mez)
ablative	ինէն, ինձէն1 (inēn, injēn1)		մէնջ, մեզէն1, մեզոյն1 (mēnǰ, mezēn1, mezoyn1)
instrumental	ինեւ (inew)		մեւք, մեօք = մեաւք (mewkʿ, meōkʿ = meawkʿ)
locative	իս (is)		մեզ (mez)
an instrumental ինեաւ (ineaw) is also attested; moreover, an ablative իսանէ (isanē) is attested post-classically 1 these secondary ablative forms may be used in an intensifying role: ես ինձէն աչօք տեսի ― es injēn ačʿōkʿ tesi ― I saw with my own eyes

Descendants

• Armenian: ես (es)

Etymology 2

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁éssi, second-person singular present indicative of *h₁ésti.

Verb

ես • (es)

2. second-person singular present active indicative of եմ (em)

References

• Petrosean, H. Matatʿeay V. (1879), “ես”, in Nor Baṙagirkʿ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
• Awetikʿean, G.; Siwrmēlean, X.; Awgerean, M. (1836–1837), “ես”, in Nor baṙgirkʿ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
• Ačaṙean, Hračʿeay (1971–1979), “ես”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, Yerevan: University Press
• Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 255