jalan

Balinese

Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *zalan, from Proto-Austronesian *zalan.

Noun

jalan (Balinese script ᬚᬮᬦ᭄)

1. road
2. path, way

Interjection

jalan (Balinese script ᬚᬮᬦ᭄)

1. let's go

Derived terms

• jalanang (“to run, perform”)
  • kajalanang (passive)
  • nyalanang (active)
• jalanin (“to go through, to undergo; to run”)
  • kajalanin (passive)
  • nyalanin (active)
• pajalan (“doing, deed, action; way of walking”)

• jalan sunutan (“shortcut (typically worse than the main route)”)

References

• “jalan”, in Balinese–Indonesian Dictionary [Kamus Bahasa Bali–Indonesia] (in Balinese), Denpasar, Indonesia: The Linguistic Center of Bali Province [Balai Bahasa Provinsi Bali].

Banjarese

Etymology

From Proto-Malayic *jalan, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *zalan, from Proto-Austronesian *zalan.

Noun

jalan

1. path (a course taken)

Finnish

Etymology

Instructive singular form of jalka (“foot”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈjɑlɑn/, [ˈjɑ̝lɑ̝n]
• Rhymes: -ɑlɑn
• Syllabification^(key): ja‧lan
• Hyphenation^(key): ja‧lan

Adverb

jalan

1. on foot, by foot, afoot

Synonyms

• (on/by foot, afoot): jalkaisin, kävellen, käyden

Noun

jalan

1. genitive/accusative/instructive singular of jalka

Derived terms

compounds

• jalankulkija
• jalankulku

Further reading

• “jalan”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎^[1] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2 July 2023

Anagrams

• nalja, njala

Indonesian

suatu jalan

Alternative forms

• djalan (1901–1947, 1947–1972)

Pronunciation

• (Standard Indonesian) IPA^(key): /ˈd͡ʒalan/ [ˈd͡ʒa.lan]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -alan
• Syllabification: ja‧lan

Etymology 1

Inherited from Malay jalan, from Proto-Malayic *jalan, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *zalan, from Proto-Austronesian *zalan. Doublet of jalang.

• Displaced Dutch weg (“way, road”) by Komisi Bahasa Indonesia as published on Kanpō/Berita Pemerintah No.38 Year III Month 3 (2604) in 1944.

Cognates

• Cebuano dalan
• Chamorro chalan
• Iban jalai
• Pattani Malay جالٍي (jalɛ)
• Tagalog daan
• Urak Lawoi' ยฺาลัด (jalat)

Noun

jalan (plural jalan-jalan)

1. road; way; street

   Synonyms: jalur, marga, perlintasan

2. way

   Synonym: cara

3. roadway
4. (of celestial bodies) orbit

   Synonyms: lintasan, orbit

5. chance

   Synonym: kesempatan

6. intermediary (a person or tool in an intermediate position)

   Synonyms: perantara, lantaran

7. forward and backward movement of a vehicle
8. movement of the hands of a clock
9. running (the sustainability of a company, organization, association, etc.)

   Synonym: kelangsungan hidup

Verb

jalan

1. imperative/colloquial of berjalan

Derived terms

• berjalan
• berjalan-jalan
• jalan-jalan
• jalanan
• jalani
• jalankan
• kesejalanan
• pejalan
• perjalanan
• perjalankan
• sejalan

Compounds

• jalan air
• jalan air internasional
• jalan alternatif
• jalan angan-angan
• jalan angin
• jalan arteri
• jalan bahasa
• jalan bebas
• jalan bebas hambatan
• jalan bebas purata
• jalan belakang
• jalan bentar
• jalan besar
• jalan buntu
• jalan butulan
• jalan cepat
• jalan damai
• jalan darat
• jalan gelap
• jalan hidup
• jalan kabupaten
• jalan keluar
• jalan kerucut
• jalan kolektor
• jalan kompromi
• jalan kota
• jalan layang
• jalan layang nontol
• jalan lepas
• jalan lingkar
• jalan lingkungan
• jalan lintas pemandangan satwa liar
• jalan lokal
• jalan lurus
• jalan masuk
• jalan masuk panggung
• jalan mati
• jalan memintas
• jalan naik
• jalan napas
• jalan nasional
• jalan parkir udara
• jalan pedalaman
• jalan pendekat
• jalan pikiran
• jalan pintas
• jalan protokol
• jalan provinsi
• jalan raya
• jalan rayap
• jalan salib
• jalan samping
• jalan serong
• jalan setapak
• jalan simpang
• jalan simpang susun
• jalan sutra
• jalan tembus
• jalan tengah
• jalan terang
• jalan terbuka
• jalan tikus
• jalan tol
• jalan udara
• jalan umum
• jalan utama

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Javanese [Term?].

Noun

jalan (plural jalan-jalan)

1. a teak tree with thick leaves
2. the handle is made of teak wood

Further reading

• “jalan”, in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia [Great Dictionary of the Indonesian Language] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016

Javanese

Romanization

jalan

1. romanization of ꦗꦭꦤ꧀

Malay

jalan

Etymology

From Proto-Malayic *jalan, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *zalan, from Proto-Austronesian *zalan.

First attested in the Kedukan Bukit inscription, 683 AD, as Old Malay [script needed] (jālan).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈd͡ʒalan/ [ˈd͡ʒa.lan]
• (Kelantan-Pattani) IPA^(key): /d͡ʒalɛ̃/

• Audio (Malaysia):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -alan, -lan, -an
• Hyphenation: ja‧lan

Noun

jalan (Jawi spelling جالن, plural jalan-jalan or jalan²)

1. path; road; street; track; way

Verb

jalan (intransitive, used in the form berjalan)

1. to go on, to go forward
2. to walk
3. to pass

Derived terms

Affixed terms and other derivations

Regular affixed derivations:

• pejalan [passive / name of profession] (pe-)
• jalanan (“street”) [resultative / locative / collective / variety / verbal noun / fruit] (-an)
• jalan-jalan (“to go for a stroll”) [reduplication] (redup)
• berjalan-jalan (“to talk a walk”) [reduplication + stative / habitual] (redup + beR-)
• sejalan (“parallel, to be in accordance with”) [comparability] (se-)
• perjalan [causative passive] (peR-)
• perjalanan [causative passive + resultative / locative / collective / variety / verbal noun / fruit] (peR- + -an)
• jalankan [causative benefactive] (-kan)
• jalani [causative (locative) benefactive] (-i)
• menjalankan (“to drive, to operate; to start, to put into operation; to carry out, to perform”) [agent focus + causative benefactive] (meN- + -kan)
• menjalani (“to walk on; to undergo, to endure; to go through a period of your life”) [agent focus + causative (locative) benefactive] (meN- + -i)
• berjalan (“to walk”) [stative / habitual] (beR-)

Descendants

• > Indonesian: jalan (inherited)
• → Chinese: 惹蘭／惹兰 (Rělán)

References

• Wilkinson, Richard James (1901), “جالن jalan”, in A Malay-English dictionary, Hong Kong: Kelly & Walsh limited, page 216
• Wilkinson, Richard James (1932), “jalan”, in A Malay-English dictionary (romanised), volume I, Mytilene, Greece: Salavopoulos & Kinderlis, page 438

Further reading

• "jalan" in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu (PRPM) [Malay Literary Reference Centre (PRPM)] (in Malay), Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish یالان (yalan, “lie”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /jǎlaːn/
• Hyphenation: ja‧lan

Noun

jàlān m inan (Cyrillic spelling ја̀ла̄н)

1. lie, deceit, fraud
2. forgery, fake

Etymology 2

Denominal from the noun jàlān (“lie, deceit; forgery”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /jǎlan/
• Hyphenation: ja‧lan

Adjective

jàlan (Cyrillic spelling ја̀лан, definite jàlnī)

1. false, fake, phony, counterfeit

Declension

indefinite forms

singular		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative		jalan	jalna	jalno
genitive		jalna	jalne	jalna
dative		jalnu	jalnoj	jalnu
accusative	inanimate animate	jalan jalna	jalnu	jalno
vocative		jalan	jalna	jalno
locative		jalnu	jalnoj	jalnu
instrumental		jalnim	jalnom	jalnim
plural		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative		jalni	jalne	jalna
genitive		jalnih	jalnih	jalnih
dative		jalnim(a)	jalnim(a)	jalnim(a)
accusative		jalne	jalne	jalna
vocative		jalni	jalne	jalna
locative		jalnim(a)	jalnim(a)	jalnim(a)
instrumental		jalnim(a)	jalnim(a)	jalnim(a)

definite forms

singular		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative		jalni	jalna	jalno
genitive		jalnog(a)	jalne	jalnog(a)
dative		jalnom(u/e)	jalnoj	jalnom(u/e)
accusative	inanimate animate	jalni jalnog(a)	jalnu	jalno
vocative		jalni	jalna	jalno
locative		jalnom(e/u)	jalnoj	jalnom(e/u)
instrumental		jalnim	jalnom	jalnim
plural		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative		jalni	jalne	jalna
genitive		jalnih	jalnih	jalnih
dative		jalnim(a)	jalnim(a)	jalnim(a)
accusative		jalne	jalne	jalna
vocative		jalni	jalne	jalna
locative		jalnim(a)	jalnim(a)	jalnim(a)
instrumental		jalnim(a)	jalnim(a)	jalnim(a)

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /jǎːlan/
• Hyphenation: ja‧lan

Adjective

jálan (Cyrillic spelling ја́лан, definite jálnī, comparative jàlnijī)

1. envious

Declension

indefinite forms

singular		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative		jalan	jalna	jalno
genitive		jalna	jalne	jalna
dative		jalnu	jalnoj	jalnu
accusative	inanimate animate	jalan jalna	jalnu	jalno
vocative		jalan	jalna	jalno
locative		jalnu	jalnoj	jalnu
instrumental		jalnim	jalnom	jalnim
plural		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative		jalni	jalne	jalna
genitive		jalnih	jalnih	jalnih
dative		jalnim(a)	jalnim(a)	jalnim(a)
accusative		jalne	jalne	jalna
vocative		jalni	jalne	jalna
locative		jalnim(a)	jalnim(a)	jalnim(a)
instrumental		jalnim(a)	jalnim(a)	jalnim(a)

definite forms

singular		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative		jalni	jalna	jalno
genitive		jalnog(a)	jalne	jalnog(a)
dative		jalnom(u/e)	jalnoj	jalnom(u/e)
accusative	inanimate animate	jalni jalnog(a)	jalnu	jalno
vocative		jalni	jalna	jalno
locative		jalnom(e/u)	jalnoj	jalnom(e/u)
instrumental		jalnim	jalnom	jalnim
plural		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative		jalni	jalne	jalna
genitive		jalnih	jalnih	jalnih
dative		jalnim(a)	jalnim(a)	jalnim(a)
accusative		jalne	jalne	jalna
vocative		jalni	jalne	jalna
locative		jalnim(a)	jalnim(a)	jalnim(a)
instrumental		jalnim(a)	jalnim(a)	jalnim(a)

Spanish

Verb

jalan

1. third-person plural present indicative of jalar

Sundanese

Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *zalan, from Proto-Austronesian *zalan.

Noun

jalan (Sundanese script ᮏᮜᮔ᮪)

1. path (a course taken)
2. road
3. street