peng- -an
Indonesian
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit](depending on the following consonant)
Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Malay peng- -an.
Pronunciation
[edit]Circumfix
[edit]- the action expressed by the transitive verb [base]; -ing, -ment, -ation
- terjemah (“to translate”) → penerjemahan (“translation (process)”)
- tulis (“to write”) → penulisan (“writing”)
- serah (“to hand over”) → penyerahan (“surrendering”)
- the object of an action [base]; -ledge, -ery, -ory, -age
- tahu (“to know”) → pengetahuan (“knowledge”)
- temu (“to meet, to encounter”) → penemuan (“discovery”)
- the place of an action [base]; -ery, -ory, -age
- bakar (“to burn”) → pembakaran (“burning place”)
- cuci (“to wash”) → pencucian (“laundry”)
- giling (“to roll”) → penggilingan (“mill”)
Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]- Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa (2017), Tata Bahasa Baku Bahasa Indonesia [Standard Grammar of Indonesian Language][1] (in Indonesian), 4 edition, Jakarta: Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, →ISBN, archived from the original on 13 June 2022
- James N. Sneddon (2010), Indonesian : a comprehensive grammar, 2 edition, London: Roultedge, →ISBN, →OCLC
Malay
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Combination of affixes peng- and -an.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (before /l/, /m/, /n/, /ŋ/, /ɲ/, /r/, /w/, /j/) IPA(key): /pə an/
- (before /b/, /p/, /f/) IPA(key): /pəm an/
- (before /t͡ʃ/, /d/, /d͡ʒ/, /t/, /z/) IPA(key): /pən an/
- (before /ɡ/, /h/, /k/, vowels) IPA(key): /pəŋ an/
- (before /s/) IPA(key): /pəɲ an/
- (before monosyllabic roots) IPA(key): /pəŋə an/
Circumfix
[edit]peng- -an (Jawi spelling ڤڠـ ـن)
- the action expressed by the transitive verb [base]
- terjemah (“to translate”) → penerjemahan (“translation (process)”)
- tulis (“to write”) → penulisan (“writing”)
- serah (“to hand over”) → penyerahan (“surrendering”)
- the object of an action [base]
- tahu (“to know”) → pengetahuan (“knowledge”)
- temu (“to meet, to encounter”) → penemuan (“discovery”)
- the place of an action [base]
- gantung (“to hang”) → penggantungan (“hanging place”)
- cuci (“to wash”) → pencucian (“laundry”)
- darat (“land”) → pendaratan (“landing place”)
Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]- Karim, Nik Safiah; M. Onn, Farid; Haji Musa, Hashim; Mahmood, Abdul Hamid (2008), Tatabahasa Dewan[2] (in Malay), 3 edition, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, →ISBN, pages 121–126