-þ

See also: þ, Ϸ, Þ, and Appendix:Variations of "th"

Gothic

Romanization

-þ

1. romanization of -𐌸

Middle English

Etymology 1

Suffix

-þ

1. alternative form of -th

Etymology 2

Suffix

-þ

1. alternative form of -the (abstract nominal suffix)

Old English

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /θ/

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-West Germanic *-iþu, from Proto-Germanic *-iþō.

Alternative forms

• -þu, -þo, -t, -to

Suffix

-þ

1. forming abstract nouns from verbs, adjectives or other nouns; generally causing mutation of root or preceding vowels

   ‎fūl (“foul, polluted”) + ‎-þ → ‎fȳlþ (“filth, foulness”)

   ‎earm (“poor”) + ‎-þ → ‎iermþ (“poverty”)

   ‎þēof (“thief”) + ‎-þ → ‎þīefþ (“theft”)

Declension

Strong ō-stem:

	singular	plural
nominative	-þ	-þa, -þe
accusative	-þe	-þa, -þe
genitive	-þe	-þa
dative	-þe	-þum

Derived terms

Old English terms suffixed with -þ

bearnliest

biehþ

brecþ

fæhþ

ferhþ

fiermþ

frymþ

fulwiht

gesælþ

getilþ

hælþ

iergþ

iermþ

-liest

mægþ

mærþ

mæþ

myrgþ

nierwþ

ofersælþ

sælþ

sihþ

slæpliest

slæwþ

spiweþa

suht

tilþ

treowþ

þiefþ

-þu

Descendants

• Middle English: -the, -ðe, -ðhe, -eth, -ethe, -ith, -ithe, -th, -þ, -þe, -yth, -t, -te (following fricatives)
  • English: -th, -t
  • Scots: -th, -t

Etymology 2

Inherited from Proto-West Germanic *-þu, from Proto-Germanic *-þuz, from Proto-Indo-European *-tus.

Alternative forms

• -d, -t

Suffix

-þ

1. forming abstract nouns from verbs, adjectives or other nouns; generally causing mutation of root or preceding vowels

   fyrhþ ― firth

Declension

Strong u-stem:

	singular	plural
nominative	-þ	-þa
accusative	-þ	-þa
genitive	-þa	-þa
dative	-þa	-þum

Descendants

• Middle English: -th, -d, -þ, -þe, -t, -te (following fricatives) (conflated with -þ < *-þiz)
  • English: -th, -t (conflated with -the < *-iþō)
  • Scots: -th, -t (conflated with -the < *-iþō)

Etymology 3

Inherited from Proto-West Germanic *-þi, from Proto-Germanic *-þiz, from Proto-Indo-European *-tis.

Alternative forms

• -d, -t

Suffix

-þ

1. (no longer productive) forming abstract nouns from verbs, adjectives or other nouns; generally causing mutation of root or preceding vowels

   wifþ ― weft

Declension

Strong i-stem:

	singular	plural
nominative	-þ	-þe, -þa
accusative	-þ, -þe	-þe, -þa
genitive	-þe	-þa
dative	-þe	-þum

Descendants

• Middle English: -th, -d, -þ, -þe, -t, -te (following fricatives) (conflated with -þ < *-þuz)
  • English: -th, -t (conflated with -the < *-iþō)
  • Scots: -th, -t (conflated with -the < *-iþō)