kubur

Indonesian

Etymology

From Malay kubur, from Classical Malay قُبُور, from Arabic قُبُور (qubūr, “grave, to bury”), plural conjugation of قَبْر (qabr, “to bury, to entomb”). Displaced native tanam (initially meaning “to bury”, now chiefly meaning “to plant”), and pendam (“to bury deeply”).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Indonesian) IPA^(key): /ˈkubur/ [ˈku.bʊr]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ubur
• Syllabification: ku‧bur

Noun

kubur (plural kubur-kubur)

1. grave (excavation in the earth as a place of burial)

   Synonym: liang lahad

2. grave; tomb; sepulchre

   Synonyms: makam, pusara

Verb

kubur (active mengubur, reflexive passive terkubur, ordinary passive dikubur, imperative kubur, emphatic-jussive kuburlah)

1. to bury

Affixed terms

• berkubur
• kuburan
• kuburkan
• pengubur
• penguburan
• perkuburan
• terkubur

Further reading

• “kubur”, in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia [Great Dictionary of the Indonesian Language] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016

Malay

Etymology

Inherited from Classical Malay قُبُور, from Arabic قُبُور (qubūr), plural of قَبْر (qabr). Displaced native tanam (initially meaning “to bury”, now chiefly meaning “to plant”), and pendam (“to bury deeply”).

Pronunciation

• (Literary Standard) IPA^(key): /ˈkubur/ [ˈku.bur]
  • Rhymes: -ubur

• (Southern Peninsular Malaysia Standard) IPA^(key): /ˈkubo(r)/ [ˈku.bo(r)]
  • Rhymes: -ubo(r)

• (Northern Peninsular Malaysia Standard) IPA^(key): /ˈkubor/ [ˈku.bor]
  • Rhymes: -ubor
• Hyphenation: ku‧bur

Noun

kubur (Jawi spelling قبور, plural kubur-kubur or kubur²)

1. grave; tomb

   Synonyms: kandang (literary), kubah (Brunei), makam (Palace Malay, honorific), pusara (literary)

Hyponyms

• (non-Muslims grave): jirat
• (Chinese grave): sentiung
• (catacomb): kubur bawah tanah, katakom

Meronyms

• (tombstone): batu kubur, batu nisan, mesan
• (the space where the deceased is placed in the grave): lahad, liang lahad, liang kubur

Derived terms

Affixed terms and other derivations

Regular affixed derivations:

• penguburan [agentive / qualitative / instrumental / abstract / measure + resultative / locative / collective / variety / verbal noun / fruit] (peN- + -an)
• kuburan [resultative / locative / collective / variety / verbal noun / fruit] (-an)
• perkuburan [causative passive + resultative / locative / collective / variety / verbal noun / fruit] (peR- + -an)
• menguburkan [agent focus + causative benefactive] (meN- + -kan)
• dikuburkan [patient focus + causative benefactive] (di- + -kan)
• terkubur [agentless action] (teR-)
• berkubur [stative / habitual] (beR-)

Irregular affixed derivations, other derivations and compound words:

• ahli kubur (“deceased”)
• alam kubur (“netherworld”)
• alas kubur (“scapegoat”)
• batu kubur (“tombstone”)
• bunga kubur (“frangipani”)
• burung kubur (“large-tailed nightjar”)
• hantu kubur (“graveyard ghost”)
• jampuk kubur (“Tyto alba”)
• kubur abang (“dimple”)
• liang kubur (“the space where the deceased is placed in the grave”)
• tepi kubur (“graveside”)
• tuanku kubur (“deceased”)
• tuangku kubur (“deceased”)

Descendants

• > Indonesian: kubur (inherited)

Verb

kubur (Jawi spelling قبور)

1. to be buried

   Synonyms: dikuburkan, dikebumikan (euphemistic)

2. (figurative) to die

   Synonyms: mati, mangkat (Palace Malay), meninggal (euphemistic), wafat (Islam)

3. (figurative) to disappear; nonexistent

   Synonyms: terkubur, ghaib, hapus, hilang, lenyap, lesap, musnah, sirna

References

• “kubur”, in Kamus Dewan [The Institute Dictionary] (in Malay), Fourth edition, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2005, →ISBN

Further reading

• "kubur" in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu (PRPM) [Malay Literary Reference Centre (PRPM)] (in Malay), Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017