Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/de
Contents
Proto-Indo-European[edit]
Root[edit]
*de ~ *do or *-de ~ *-do[1]
Usage notes[edit]
The particle in Proto-Indo-European experienced ablaut between *de and *do but was otherwise indeclinable. Some daughter languages, particularly Italic, added pronominal inflection later, as also occurred with particles *ḱe, *h₁ew, and *gʰe.[4]
Derived terms[edit]
- *deh₁ (innovative instr.sg.)[4][5][6]
- *doh₁ (innovative instr.sg.)[4]
- *h₁en-do(m)[7][8]
- *deh₂d (innovative abl.sg.f.)[4]
- *deh₂m (innovative acc.sg.f.)[4]
- *dom (innovative acc.sg.m./n.)[4]
Descendants[edit]
- Balto-Slavic:[9]
- Celtic: *do[10]
- Germanic: *ta
- Hellenic: *dé[11]
- Hellenic: *-de[12]
- Italic: *-de[13]
References[edit]
- ^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume I, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 183
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Beekes, Robert S. P. (2011) Comparative Indo-European Linguistics: An Introduction, revised and corrected by Michiel de Vaan, 2nd edition, Amsterdam, Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, §17.3, page 249
- ^ Fortson, Benjamin W. (2004) Indo-European Language and Culture: An Introduction, first edition, Oxford: Blackwell, §7.27, page 135
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “-dam, -dē, -dō, -dum”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill
- ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*dī”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 97
- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “δή”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 322
- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “endo, indu(-), indi-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 189
- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “ἔνδον”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, pages 421-422
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2008), “*do”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 109
- ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*do”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 102
- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “δέ”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 307
- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “-δε”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 307
- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “-de”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 162