ʗ

ʗ U+0297, ʗ LATIN LETTER STRETCHED C ← ʖ [U+0296] IPA Extensions ʘ → [U+0298]

Character variations

𐞽 U+107BD, &#67517; <reserved-107BD> [unassigned: U+107BB–U+107BC] [unassigned: U+107BE–U+107FF] ← 𐞺 [U+107BA] Latin Extended-F 𐠀 → [U+10800]

Translingual

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Proposed for the IPA in Jones (1921) and accepted in 1928.

Etymology unknown, but resembles the letter ⟨cˌ⟩ in Johnston (1913). (See ʖ.)

Symbol

ʗ

1. (pre-1989 IPA) the forward release of an alveolar click; superseded by ⟨ǃ⟩.
2. (superscript ⟨𐞽⟩, IPA) [ʗ]-coloring, or a weak, fleeting or epenthetic [ʗ]-release.

Usage notes

In IPA, ⟨ʗ⟩ is technically only the forward clicked release, not the entire consonant. A full transcription of a click consonant requires a second letter to specify whether the rear closure is velar or uvular, and whether the click is voiced or nasal:

	Velar	Uvular
Voiceless	k͜ʗ	q͜ʗ
Voiced	ɡ͜ʗ	ɢ͜ʗ
Nasal	ŋ͜ʗ	ɴ͜ʗ

The tie bar may be omitted, or the accompanying letter may be superscripted: ⟨ᵏʗ ᶢʗ ᵑʗ 𐞥ʗ 𐞒ʗ ᶰʗ⟩.

If the order is reversed, e.g. ⟨ʗ͜q⟩, that may imply that the velar or uvular release is audible (delayed release).

Beach used simple ⟨ʗ⟩ for the Khoekhoe voiceless oral click [k͜ʗ] and ⟨𝼏⟩ for the voiced nasal click [ŋ͜ʗ].

References

• Beach, Douglas (1938). The phonetics of the Hottentot language. London: W. Heffer & Sons.
• Johnston, Harry (1913). Phonetic Spelling: A Proposed Universal Alphabet for the Rendering of English, French, German and All Other Forms of Speech. Cambridge. p. 43.
• Jones, Daniel (1921) L'écriture phonétique internationale (2nd ed.). Association Phonétique Internationale.