Johnston (1913) created ⟨cˈ⟩ or ⟨c̓⟩ for a dental click, ⟨cˌ⟩ or ⟨q̓⟩ for a 'palatal' (alveolar) click, ⟨ˌɔ⟩ or ⟨x̓⟩ for a lateral click, and ⟨ˈɔ⟩ (approx. ⟨ʖ⟩) or ⟨q̓c̓⟩ for a palatal click. When Jones adopted Johnston's system for the IPA lateral click, he swapped the letters because Johnston's lateral letter conflicted with ⟨ʔ⟩, the IPA letter for glottal stop.
In IPA, ⟨ʖ⟩ is technically only the forward clicked release, not the entire consonant. A full transcription of a click consonant requires a second letter to specify whether the rear closure is velar or uvular, and whether the click is voiced or nasal:
Velar
Uvular
Voiceless
k͜ʖ
q͜ʖ
Voiced
ɡ͜ʖ
ɢ͜ʖ
Nasal
ŋ͜ʖ
ɴ͜ʖ
The tie bar may be omitted, or the accompanying letter may be superscripted: ⟨ᵏʖ ᶢʖ ᵑʖ 𐞥ʖ 𐞒ʖ ᶰʖ⟩.
If the order is reversed, e.g. ⟨ʖ͜q⟩, that may imply that the velar or uvular release is audible (delayed release).
Beach used simple ⟨ʖ⟩ for the Khoekhoe voiceless oral click [k͜ʖ] and ⟨𝼎⟩ for the voiced nasal click [ŋ͜ʖ].
Beach, Douglas (1938). The phonetics of the Hottentot language. London: W. Heffer & Sons.
Johnston, Harry (1913). Phonetic Spelling: A Proposed Universal Alphabet for the Rendering of English, French, German and All Other Forms of Speech. Cambridge. p. 43.
Jones, Daniel (1921) L'écriture phonétique internationale (2nd ed.). Association Phonétique Internationale.
