instrumentāl
Livonian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Ultimately from Latin instrumentālis. This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]instrumentāl
Usage notes
[edit]Instrumental case is a term used by some authors (including Viitso). Its suffix (-ks) is cognate with Estonian (-ks) and Finnish (-ksi) translative case endings (which is one of its functions in Livonian) with which a comitative function (Estonian affix -ga) has been syncretized. To avoid calling it "translative/comitative" it is called "instrumental" for short.
Declension
[edit]| singular (ikšlu’g) | plural (pǟgiņlu’g) | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative (nominatīv) | instrumentāl | — |
| genitive (genitīv) | instrumentāl | — |
| partitive (partitīv) | instrumentālõ | — |
| dative (datīv) | instrumentālõn | — |
| instrumental (instrumentāl) | instrumentālõks | — |
| illative (illatīv) | instrumentālõ | — |
| inessive (inesīv) | instrumentālõs | — |
| elative (elatīv) | instrumentālõst | — |
References
[edit]- Tiit-Rein Viitso; Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), “instrumentāl”, in Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz [Livonian-Estonian-Latvian Dictionary][1] (in Estonian and Latvian), Tartu, Rīga: Tartu Ülikool, Latviešu valodas aģentūra