hän

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Finnish[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Finnic *hän, from Proto-Finno-Ugric *sän. Cognates include Erzya сон (son).

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /ˈhæn/, [ˈhæn]
  • Audio:(file)
  • Audio:(file)
  • Audio:(file)
  • Rhymes: -æn
  • Syllabification(key): hän

Pronoun[edit]

hän

  1. (personal) he, she, one, (singular) they (only of a human being; the pronoun does not determine the sex/gender of the person)

Usage notes[edit]

  • In standard Finnish, hän is practically never omitted, despite the verb showing both the person and the number (compare the usage of he (they pl)).
  • In colloquial Finnish, the demonstrative pronoun se (it) is often used in place of hän. In Kven, both pronouns are used.

Declension[edit]

  • Irregular. The comitative and instructive forms don't exist; the abessive is hardly used. To be more precise: the singular stem is declined like type 32 (sisar) in the singular cases, except of the accusative singular form hänet (see following note).
  • In addition to the standard set of cases, hän and the other personal pronouns have a specific accusative form, hänet. This form would have been the nominative plural form of the first stem, if the word were not a personal pronoun.
  • In poetry, shorter forms hällä, hältä and hälle exist for the adessive, ablative and allative respectively.

Synonyms[edit]

  • se (colloquial)

Descendants[edit]

  • Kven: hän

See also[edit]

Further reading[edit]

Ingrian[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

hän

  1. (dialectal) Alternative form of hää
    • 1936, N. A. Iljin and V. I. Junus, Bukvari iƶoroin șkouluja vart, Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 46:
      Toisille hän lapsille esimerkin näyttää.
      He sets an example for the other children.

References[edit]

  • Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 84

Kven[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Finnish hän, from Proto-Finnic *hän.

Pronunciation[edit]

Pronoun[edit]

hän

  1. he, she (animate)

Declension[edit]

Synonyms[edit]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  • Eira Söderholm (2017) Kvensk grammatikk, Tromsø: Cappelen Damm Akademisk, →ISBN, page 276

Swedish[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Old Norse héðan, with influence from Middle Low German hen (away), both ultimately related to Proto-Germanic *hiz (this).

Adverb[edit]

hän

  1. (often somewhat solemn) away, hence (and often by implication to somewhere else)
    Han gick hän
    He walked away/hence (also a euphemism for died)
    Vi åkte hän till Säffle
    We went away/hence to Säffle (redundant, somewhat poetic or jocular)
    Hän mot nya mål!
    Away towards new goals!

Synonyms[edit]

Related terms[edit]

See also[edit]

Further reading[edit]

Veps[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Finnic *hän, from Proto-Finno-Ugric *sän. Cognate to Hungarian ő. False cognate with Swedish han.

Pronoun[edit]

hän (genitive hänen, partitive händast)

  1. he, she

Inflection[edit]

Inflection of hän
nominative sing. hän
genitive sing. hänen
partitive sing. händast
partitive plur. heid
singular plural
nominative hän
accusative hänen
genitive hänen heiden
partitive händast heid
essive-instructive
translative
inessive hänes heiš
elative hänespäi heišpäi
illative hänehe heihe
adessive hänel heil
ablative hänelpäi heilpäi
allative hänele heile
abessive häneta heita
comitative hänenke heidenke
prolative
approximative I
approximative II
egressive
terminative I
terminative II
terminative III
additive I
additive II

References[edit]

  • Zajceva, N. G.; Mullonen, M. I. (2007), “он”, in Uz’ venä-vepsläine vajehnik / Novyj russko-vepsskij slovarʹ [New Russian–Veps Dictionary], Petrozavodsk: Periodika