сила

See also: Appendix:Variations of "sila"

Bulgarian

Etymology

Inherited from Old Church Slavonic сила (sila), from Proto-Slavic *sila, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *séiˀlāˀ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈsiɫɐ]

• Audio (Standard Bulgarian, l-vocalization):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -iɫɐ
• Syllabification^(key): си‧ла

Noun

си́ла • (síla) f

1. strength, force, forcefulness
2. power, might

   Synonym: мощ (mošt)

3. intensity, vehemence
4. energy, vigour, stamina

   Synonym: енергия (energija)

5. force, violence

   Synonym: насилие (nasilie)

6. (law) effect, force, validity
7. (military) forces, powers, troops (only in the plural)

Declension

Declension of си́ла

	singular	plural
indefinite	си́ла síla	си́ли síli
definite	си́лата sílata	си́лите sílite

Related terms

• си́лен (sílen)

Anagrams

• лиса (lisa)

Macedonian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *sila, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *séiˀlāˀ. Cognate to Lithuanian siela (“soul, spirit”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈsiɫa]

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

сила • (sila) f (relational adjective силен)

1. force
2. strength

Declension

Declension of сила

	singular	plural
indefinite	сила (sila)	сили (sili)
definite unspecified	силата (silata)	силите (silite)
definite proximal	силава (silava)	силиве (silive)
definite distal	силана (silana)	силине (siline)
vocative	сило (silo)	сили (sili)

Derived terms

• суперси́ла (supersíla, “a superpower, an ability”)

Related terms

• си́лен (sílen)

Old Church Slavonic

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *sila (“strength, force”), from Proto-Balto-Slavic *séiˀlāˀ.

Noun

сила • (sila) f

1. power, force
2. virtue, strength
3. miracle

Declension

Declension of сила (hard a-stem)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	сила sila	силѣ silě	силꙑ sily
genitive	силꙑ sily	силоу silu	силъ silŭ
dative	силѣ silě	силама silama	силамъ silamŭ
accusative	силѫ silǫ	силѣ silě	силꙑ sily
instrumental	силоѭ silojǫ	силама silama	силами silami
locative	силѣ silě	силоу silu	силахъ silaxŭ
vocative	сило silo	силѣ silě	силꙑ sily

Descendants

• Bulgarian: сила (sila)
• Czech: síla
• Polish: siła
• Russian: си́ла (síla)
• Serbo-Croatian: sila
• Slovak: sila
• Slovene: sila

Pannonian Rusyn

Etymology

Borrowed from Carpathian Rusyn си́ла (sýla), from Proto-Slavic *sila, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *séiˀlāˀ. A native inherited form would have yielded *шила (*šila).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈsila]
• Rhymes: -ila
• Hyphenation: си‧ла

Noun

сила (sila) f (relational adjective силни)

1. strength
2. power

Declension

Declension of сила (sila)

	singular	plural
nominative	сила (sila)	сили (sili)
genitive	сили (sili)	силох (silox)
dative	сили (sili)	силом (silom)
accusative	силу (silu)	сили (sili)
instrumental	силу (silu)	силами (silami)
locative	сили (sili)	силох (silox)
vocative	сило (silo)	сили (sili)

Derived terms

nouns

• коньска сила f (konʹska sila)
• суперсила f (supersila)

References

• Medʹeši, H.; Fejsa, M.; Timko-Djitko, O. (2010), “сила”, in Ramač, Ju., editor, Руско-сербски словнїк [Rusyn-Serbian Dictionary] (in Pannonian Rusyn), Novi Sad: Faculty of Philosophy
• Fejsa, M.; Šlemender, M.; Čelʹovski, S. (2022), “strength”, in Анґлийско-руски словнїк [English-Rusyn Dictionary] (in Pannonian Rusyn), Novi Sad: Faculty of Philosophy; Ruska matka, →ISBN, page 306

Russian

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *sila, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *séiˀlāˀ. Cognates include Lithuanian si̇́ela.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈsʲiɫə]

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

си́ла • (síla) f inan (genitive си́лы, nominative plural си́лы, genitive plural сил, relational adjective силово́й, augmentative си́лища, hypocorism си́лушка, pejorative силёнка or сили́шка)

1. strength

   в си́лу ― v sílu ― because of

   и́зо всех сил ― ízo vsex sil ― with all one's might

   не в си́лах ― ne v sílax ― unable

   не по си́лам ― ne po sílam ― beyond one’s strength

   свои́ми си́лами ― svoími sílami ― by oneself

   сил нет ― sil net ― awfully; to be dying for; to be crazy about

2. force
3. power, might

   лошади́ная си́ла ― lošadínaja síla ― horsepower

4. vigor
5. intensity
6. efficacy
7. energy
8. volume

Declension

Declension of си́ла (inan fem-form hard-stem accent-a) 

	singular	plural
nominative	си́ла síla	си́лы síly
genitive	си́лы síly	си́л síl
dative	си́ле síle	си́лам sílam
accusative	си́лу sílu	си́лы síly
instrumental	си́лой, си́лою síloj, síloju	си́лами sílami
prepositional	си́ле síle	си́лах sílax

Derived terms

• заси́лие n (zasílije)
• наси́лу (nasílu)
• непоси́льный (neposílʹnyj)
• сверхси́ла f (sverxsíla)
• -си́лить (-sílitʹ) See more
• силово́й (silovój)
  • силови́к m anim (silovík)
• суперси́ла f (supersíla)

Compound words:

• силоме́р m (silomér)
• слабоси́льный (slabosílʹnyj), слабоси́лок m anim (slabosílok)

Compounds:

• вы́биться из сил pf (výbitʹsja iz sil)

Phrase

• си́ла есть — ума́ не на́до (síla jestʹ — umá ne nádo)

Related terms

• наси́лие n (nasílije), наси́льный (nasílʹnyj), наси́льственный (nasílʹstvennyj), наси́ловать impf (nasílovatʹ)
• поси́льный (posílʹnyj)
• сила́ч m anim (siláč)
• си́льный (sílʹnyj)
• уси́лие n (usílije)

Further reading

• Dal, Vladimir (1880–1882), “сила”, in Толковый Словарь живаго великорускаго языка [Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language] (in Russian), 2nd edition, Publication of the bookseller-typographer Wolf, M. O.

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• сила́: IPA^(key): [sʲɪˈɫa]
• си́ла: IPA^(key): [ˈsʲiɫə]

Noun

сила́ • (silá) n inan

1. genitive singular of сило́ (siló)

Noun

си́ла • (síla) n inan pl

1. nominative/accusative plural of сило́ (siló)

Anagrams

• лиса́ (lisá)

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *sila, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *séiˀlāˀ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sîla/
• Hyphenation: си‧ла

Noun

си̏ла f (Latin spelling sȉla)

1. force
2. strength
3. power
4. violence

Declension

Declension of сила

	singular	plural
nominative	си̏ла	силе
genitive	силе	си̑ла̄
dative	сили	силама
accusative	силу	силе
vocative	сило	силе
locative	сили	силама
instrumental	силом	силама

Derived terms

• си̑лан
• сило̀вит

References

• “сила”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2026

Ukrainian

Etymology

From Middle Ukrainian сила (syla), from Old East Slavic сила (sila), from Proto-Slavic *sila, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *séiˀlāˀ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈsɪɫɐ]

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

си́ла • (sýla) f inan (genitive си́ли, nominative plural си́ли, genitive plural сил)

1. force
2. strength, vigour

Declension

Declension of си́ла
(inan hard fem-form accent-a)

	singular	plural
nominative	си́ла sýla	си́ли sýly
genitive	си́ли sýly	сил syl
dative	си́лі sýli	си́лам sýlam
accusative	си́лу sýlu	си́ли sýly
instrumental	си́лою sýloju	си́лами sýlamy
locative	си́лі sýli	си́лах sýlax
vocative	си́ло sýlo	си́ли sýly

Derived terms

• збро́йні си́ли f pl (zbrójni sýly, “armed forces”)
• зуси́лля n (zusýllja, “effort”)
• суперси́ла f (supersýla, “superpower, ability”)
• щоси́ли (ščosýly, “with all one's might”)

References

• Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “сила”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
• “сила”, in Горох – Словозміна [Horox – Slovozmina, Horokh – Inflection]‎^[1]

Anagrams

• ли́са (lýsa)