Reconstruction:Proto-Berber/e‐ɣăf

This Proto-Berber entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Berber

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Afroasiatic *ḳap-

Proto-Berber *a-aḳăf

Proto-Berber *e‐ɣăf

From earlier *a-aḳăf, from Proto-Afroasiatic *ḳap- (“head, occiput”). Cognate with Proto-Semitic *ḳapa(y) (“occiput”).

Noun

*e‐ɣăf m

1. head

Descendants

• Northern Berber:
  • Kabyle: ixef
  • Atlas:
    • Medieval Tashelhit: ايغڢ (iɣef)
      • Tashelhit: ixf
    • Central Atlas Tamazight: ⵉⵖⴼ (iɣf), ⵉⵅⴼ (ixf)
    • Ghomara: aɣef
  • Zenati:
    • Tarifit: ixef, ixf, iɣef, iɣf
    • Northern Saharan Berber: iɣef
    • Tunisian Berber: ixf, iɣaf
• Eastern Berber:
  • Ghadames: éɣăf
  • Nefusa: iɣéf
  • Siwi: axfi
• Tuareg: eɣăf
• Western Berber:
  • Zenaga: iʔf
  • Tetserret: ef

References

• Maarten Kossmann (2013), The Arabic Influence on Northern Berber (Studies in Semitic Languages and Linguistics; 67), Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill, →DOI, →ISBN