Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/grindeti
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This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Celtic[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Proto-Indo-European *gʰreydʰ-, whence also Old Church Slavonic грѧсти (gręsti, “to go”) and Gothic 𐌲𐍂𐌹𐌳 (grid).[1] See Proto-Slavic *gręsti for more cognates.
Verb[edit]
*grindeti[2]
Inflection[edit]
| Thematic present, suffixless preterite | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Active voice | ||||
| Present | Imperfect | Future | Preterite | |
| 1st singular | *grindū | *grindemam | *gigritsū | *gigroida |
| 2nd singular | *grindesi | *grindetās | *gigritsesi | *gigroidas? |
| 3rd singular | *grindeti | *grindeto | *gigritseti | *gigroide |
| 1st plural | *grindomosi | *grindemo | *gigritsomosi | *gigroidmo |
| 2nd plural | *grindetesi | *grindestē | *gigritsetesi | *gigroisse |
| 3rd plural | *grindonti | *grindento | *gigritsonti | *gigroidar |
| Pres. subjunctive | Past subjunctive | Imperative | ||
| 1st singular | *greitsū | ? | — | |
| 2nd singular | *greitsesi | ? | *grinde | |
| 3rd singular | *greitseti | ? | *grindetou | |
| 1st plural | *greitsomosi | ? | *grindomos | |
| 2nd plural | *greitsetesi | ? | *grindete | |
| 3rd plural | *greitsonti | ? | *grindontou | |
| Passive voice | ||||
| Present | Imperfect | Future | Preterite | |
| 1st singular | *grindūr | — | *gigritsūr | — |
| 2nd singular | *grindetar | — | *gigritsetar | — |
| 3rd singular | *grindetor | ? | *gigritsetor | — |
| 1st plural | *grindommor | — | *gigritsommor | — |
| 2nd plural | *grindedwe | — | *gigritsedwe | — |
| 3rd plural | *grindontor | ? | *gigritsontor | — |
| Pres. subjunctive | Past subjunctive | Imperative | ||
| 1st singular | *greitsūr | — | — | |
| 2nd singular | *greitsetar | — | — | |
| 3rd singular | *greitsetor | — | — | |
| 1st plural | *greitsommor | — | — | |
| 2nd plural | *greitsedwe | — | — | |
| 3rd plural | *greitsontor | — | — | |
| Declension of the past participle | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *grissos | *grissou | *grissoi |
| vocative | *grisse | *grissou | *grissoi |
| accusative | *grissom | *grissou | *grissoms |
| genitive | *grissī | *grissous | *grissom |
| dative | *grissūi | *grissobom | *grissobos |
| instrumental | *grissū | *grissobim | *grissobis |
| feminine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *grissā | *grissai | *grissās |
| vocative | *grissā | *grissai | *grissās |
| accusative | *grissam | *grissai | *grissams |
| genitive | *grissās | *grissous | *grissom |
| dative | *grissai | *grissābom | *grissābos |
| instrumental | *? | *grissābim | *grissābis |
| neuter | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *grissom | *grissou | *grissā |
| vocative | *grissom | *grissou | *grissā |
| accusative | *grissom | *grissou | *grissā |
| genitive | *grissī | *grissous | *grissom |
| dative | *grissūi | *grissobom | *grissobos |
| instrumental | *grissū | *grissobim | *grissobis |
Derived terms[edit]
- *eni-grindeti
- Old Irish: in·greinn
- *to-grindeti
- Old Irish: do·greinn
- *uɸo-uss-grindeti
- Middle Welsh: gosgryn
- *to-uɸo-uss-grindeti
- Middle Welsh: dygwesgryn
- *writ-grindeti
- Middle Welsh: gwrthryn
- *to-writ-grindeti
- Middle Welsh: dygwrthryn
Descendants[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*gri-n-d-o-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 168
- ^ Schumacher, Stefan, Schulze-Thulin, Britta (2004) Die keltischen Primärverben: ein vergleichendes, etymologisches und morphologisches Lexikon [The Celtic Primary Verbs: A comparative, etymological and morphological lexicon] (Innsbrucker Beiträge zur Sprachwissenschaft; 110) (in German), Innsbruck: Institut für Sprachen und Literaturen der Universität Innsbruck, →ISBN, pages 353-355