Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/halsaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *kólsos (“neck”), and cognate with Latin collum (“neck”). The formation is traditionally further derived from the root *kʷel- (“to turn”) (whence also Lithuanian kaklas, Latvian kakls), though the loss of the labial *kʷ- > *k- is irregular.

Compare typologically Proto-Slavic *vortъ (akin to *vortiti << Proto-Indo-European *wert- (“to turn, to rotate”)), whence Bulgarian врат (vrat), Russian во́рот (vórot), воротни́к (vorotník); Proto-Slavic *kъrkъ (“neck”) (<< Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to turn, bend”)), whence Czech krk; Old Armenian պարանոց (paranocʻ, “neck”) (< պարանիմ (paranim, “to turn”)).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈxɑl.sɑz/

Noun

*halsaz m

1. neck, throat

Inflection

Declension of *halsaz (masculine a-stem)

	singular	plural
nominative	*halsaz	*halsōz, *halsōs
vocative	*hals	*halsōz, *halsōs
accusative	*halsą	*halsanz
genitive	*halsas, *halsis	*halsǫ̂
dative	*halsai	*halsamaz
instrumental	*halsō	*halsamiz

Derived terms

• *halsōną

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *hals
  • Old English: heals
    • Middle English: hals
      • English: halse, hawse
      • Scots: hause
  • Old Frisian: hals
    • Saterland Frisian: Hoals
    • West Frisian: hals
  • Old Saxon: hals
    • Middle Low German: hals
      • German Low German: Hals
      • Plautdietsch: Hauls
  • Old Dutch: hals
    • Middle Dutch: hals
      • Dutch: hals
  • Old High German: hals
    • Middle High German: hals
      • Cimbrian: hals, haltz (Sette Comuni)
      • German: Hals
      • Luxembourgish: Hals
      • Yiddish: האַלדז (haldz)
• Old Norse: hals
  • Icelandic: háls
  • Faroese: hálsur
  • Norn: hals, håls, hwåls
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: hals; (dialectal) håls’e, hås
  • Old Swedish: hals
    • Swedish: hals
  • Danish: hals
    • Norwegian Bokmål: hals
  • Gutnish: hals
• Gothic: 𐌷𐌰𐌻𐍃 (hals)