Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂énts

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

From *h₂ent- (“face, forehead; front”) +‎ *-s (root nominal suffix).

Reconstruction

According to Kloekhorst the paradigm can't be properly reconstructed due to ambiguity of the grammatical gender of Hittite 𒄩𒀭𒍝 (ḫa-an-za), which could have been either common or neuter. Therefore Ancient Greek ἄντα (ánta) could either reflect *h₂ént-h̥₂ or *h₂ént-m̥.

Noun

*h₂énts m or f or *h₂ént n

1. forehead
2. front

Inflection

In case it was animate:

Athematic, amphikinetic
	singular
nominative	*h₂énts
genitive	*h₂n̥tés
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*h₂énts	*h₂énth₁(e)	*h₂éntes
vocative	*h₂ént	*h₂énth₁(e)	*h₂éntes
accusative	*h₂éntm̥	*h₂énth₁(e)	*h₂éntm̥s
genitive	*h₂n̥tés	*?	*h₂n̥tóHom
ablative	*h₂n̥tés	*?	*h₂n̥tmós
dative	*h₂n̥téy	*?	*h₂n̥tmós
locative	*h₂ént, *h₂énti	*?	*h₂n̥tsú
instrumental	*h₂n̥téh₁	*?	*h₂n̥tmís

In case it was inanimate:

Athematic, amphikinetic
	singular
nominative	*h₂ént
genitive	*h₂n̥tés
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*h₂ént	*h₂éntih₁	*h₂énth₂
vocative	*h₂ént	*h₂éntih₁	*h₂énth₂
accusative	*h₂ént	*h₂éntih₁	*h₂énth₂
genitive	*h₂n̥tés	*?	*h₂n̥tóHom
ablative	*h₂n̥tés	*?	*h₂n̥tmós
dative	*h₂n̥téy	*?	*h₂n̥tmós
locative	*h₂ént, *h₂énti	*?	*h₂n̥tsú
instrumental	*h₂n̥téh₁	*?	*h₂n̥tmís

Derived terms

• *h₂énti (locative singular)
• *h₂entó ((fossilized) allative singular)
  • Proto-Germanic: *anda- (“against”) (see there for further descendants)
  • >? Proto-Tocharian: *ā́ntë (“in front”) (see there for further descendants)
• *h₂n̥tbʰi (from the instrumental plural)
  • *h₂m̥bʰi

Descendants

• Anatolian:
  • Hittite: 𒄩𒀭𒍝 (ḫa-an-za)
• Hellenic:
  • Ancient Greek: ἄντα (ánta) (either from accusative singular *h₂éntm̥ or from accusative plural *h₂énth̥₂)
  • Ancient Greek: ἄντην (ántēn)