Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/cwíšah

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

Unknown; perhaps from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćwíšas, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱwís-o-s, from *ḱweys- (“to hiss, whistle, whisper”).

Noun

*cwíšah

1. louse

Inflection

masculine a-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*cwíšah	*cwíšā(w)	*cwíšāh(ah)
vocative	*cwíša	*cwíšā(w)	*cwíšāh(ah)
accusative	*cwíšam	*cwíšā(w)	*cwíšānh
instrumental	*cwíšaH	*cwíšaybʰyā(m)	*cwíšāyš
ablative	*cwíšāt	*cwíšaybʰyā(m)	*cwíšaybʰyah
dative	*cwíšāy	*cwíšaybʰyā(m)	*cwíšaybʰyah
genitive	*cwíšahya	*cwíšayāh	*cwíšānaHam
locative	*cwíšay	*cwíšayaw	*cwíšayšu

Descendants

• Central Iranian:
  • Younger Avestan: 𐬯𐬞𐬌𐬱 (spiš)
• Northeastern Iranian:
  • Ossetian:

    Digor Ossetian: систӕ (sistæ)

    Iron Ossetian: сыст (syst)

  • Sogdo-Bactrian:
    • Khwarezmian: [script needed] (spʾh)
    • Proto-Sogdic:
      • Sogdian: [script needed] (špšh /⁠šp(i)š⁠/)
      • Yaghnobi: špuš (šᵘpúš, šⁱpúš)
  • Wakhi: šiš
• Southeastern Iranian:
  • Ormuri-Parachi:
    • Ormuri: [script needed] (spōī), [script needed] (spūī)
    • Parachi: espō, ispō
  • Proto-Pathan:
    • Pashto: شپږه (špëģa), سپږه (spëģa), (Waziri) [script needed] (spaža)
    • Waneci: [script needed] (zɣānzi)
  • Ishkashimi: [script needed] (s(ь)puḷ), [script needed] (s(ь)pьl)
  • Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami-Munji:
    • Proto-Munji-Yidgha:
      • Munji: [script needed] (s(ᵊ)pəyă)
      • Yidgha: [script needed] (spūo), [script needed] (špūo)
    • Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami:
      • Proto-Shughni-Roshani:
        • Sarikoli: sipal
        • Shughni: сипаг̌ (sipaɣ̌), (Bajui, Bartangi, Khufi, Oroshori, Rushani) сипав̌ (sipaw), сипа̄в̌ (sipāw)
      • Yazghulami: сәпав̌ (səpaw), спав̌ (spaw)
• Northwestern Iranian:
  • Sangisari: اسپز (espaz)
  • Baluchi: [script needed] (šiš)
  • Caspian:
    • Gilaki: سبج (səbəj)
    • Mazanderani: اسبیج (isbīǰ), اسپیج (ispīǰ)
  • Kurdish:

    Northern Kurdish: spih, spî

    Central Kurdish: ئەسپێ (espê), سپێ (spê)

    Southern Kurdish: سِپیە (sipye)

    Laki: ئِسپِژ (ispij)

  • Old Median: *spišah
    • Middle Median: *spiš
      • Kermanic:

        Ashtiani: esbéza

        Khunsari: ešpiž

        Nayini: šibiš

        Yazdi: šeweš

      • Sivandi: peš
      • Proto-Tatic:
        • Alviri-Vidari: [script needed] (isbiǰ)
        • Talysh:

          Asalemi: اسبج (əsbəj)

        • Old Tati:
          • Farvi: espej
          • Ramandi: [script needed] (espeja)
          • Shahrudi:

            Koluri: esbej

            Shali: sebej

      • → Middle Persian: [Term?] (/⁠spiš⁠/)
        • Classical Persian: شپش (šipiš)
          • Dari: ایشپیش (išpiš)
            • Hazaragi: [script needed] (išpíš)
          • Iranian Persian: شپش (šepeš)
          • Sistani: پش (paš)
          • Tajik: шабушк (šabušk)
  • Semnani:
    • Sangisari: اسپز (ɛspaz)
    • Sorkhei: [script needed] (teš)
  • Zaza-Gurani:
    • Gurani: ھەشپشی (hašpišī)
    • Zazaki: espice (aspiǰa), espije (aspiža)
• Southwestern Iranian:
  • Larestani–Gulf:
    • Gulf:
      • Bashkardi:

        Bandari: [script needed] (šöš), [script needed] (šüš)

        Hormozi: [script needed] (šöš)

        Minābi: [script needed] (šöš)

      • Kumzari:

        Kumzari: šöš

        Lāraki: šiš

    • Lari-Fars:
      • Southwestern Fars:

      Judeo-Shirazi: [script needed] (teš)

      Larestani: [script needed] (heš), [script needed] (eš)

  • Bakhtiari: [script needed] (šeš)