Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/náwah

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *náwas from Proto-Indo-European *néwos.

Adjective

*náwah

1. new

Derived terms

• Proto-Iranian: *náwākah
  • Sogdian: (/⁠nawāk(u)⁠/)

    Sogdian script: 𐼻𐼴𐼰𐼸 (nwʾk), 𐼻𐼴𐼰𐼸𐼴 (nwʾkw)

    Syriac script: ܢܘܐݎ (nwʾk), ܢܘܐݎܘ (nwʾkw)

  • Parthian: (/⁠nawāg⁠/)

    Manichaean script: 𐫗𐫇𐫀𐫃 (nwʾg)

Descendants

• Central Iranian:
  • Avestan: 𐬥𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬀 (nauua)
• Northeastern Iranian:
  • Proto-Scythian:
    • Ossetian:

      Digor Ossetian: нӕуӕг (næwæg)

      Iron Ossetian: ног (nog)

  • Proto-Saka-Wakhi:
    • Khotanese: [script needed] (navaka), [script needed] (nūvara)
  • Sogdo-Bactrian:
    • Bactrian: νωγο (nōgo /⁠nōg⁠/), ναγο (nago /⁠nag⁠/)
    • Khwarezmian: انوک (ʾnwk /⁠*ənōk⁠/), نوڅ (nwc /⁠*nōc, *naw^ac⁠/), نوک (nwk /⁠*nōk, *naw^ak⁠/), نویک (nwyk /⁠*nawē(k)⁠/)
    • Proto-Sogdic:
      • Sogdian: (/⁠nawē, nōč⁠/)

        Sogdian script: 𐼻𐼴𐼰𐼷 (nwʾy), 𐼻𐼴𐼷𐼳 (nwyh), 𐼻𐼴𐼿 (nwc)

        Manichaean script: 𐫗𐫇𐫏𐫏 (nwyy)

        Syriac script: ܢܘܐܝ (nwʾy), ܢܘܝܗ (nwyh), ܢܘܨ (nwc)

      • Yaghnobi: нава (nava)
• Southeastern Iranian:
  • Pashto: نوی (në́vay, návay)
• Northwestern Iranian:
  • Baluchi: نوک (nōk) (> *navaka)
  • Kurdish:

    Central Kurdish: نوێ (nwê /⁠niwē⁠/)

    Northern Kurdish: nû (/⁠nū⁠/)

    Southern Kurdish: نۊ (nü /⁠nü⁠/)

  • Proto-Medo-Parthian:
    • Caspian:
      • Gilaki: نو (no)
      • Mazanderani: نو (nu)
    • Kermanic:
      • Khunsari: nū
      • Nayini: nō
      • Soi: nu
    • Parthian: (/⁠nōg ~ *nawag⁠/) (> *navaka)

      Inscriptional Parthian script: 𐭍𐭅𐭊 (nwk)

      • → Old Armenian: նաւա- (nawa-) (e.g.:նաւա-կատիք (nawa-katikʻ), նաւա-սարդ (nawa-sard))
    • Zaza-Gorani:
      • Gurani: نۆ (no /⁠nō⁠/)
      • Zazaki: newe (/⁠nawa⁠/)
• Southwestern Iranian:
  • Old Persian: 𐎴𐎺 (n-v /⁠*nava⁠/)
    • Middle Persian: (/⁠nōg⁠/) (> *navaka)

      Inscriptional Pahlavi script: 𐭭𐭥𐭪𐭩 (nwky)

      Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (nwk')

      Manichaean script: 𐫗𐫇𐫃 (nwg)

      • Classical Persian: نو (naw)

        Dari: نو (naw)

        Iranian Persian: نو (now)

        Tajik: нав (nav)

      • Northern Luri: نوو (nu)

        Silakhori: نۏ (nö)