Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/medos

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This Proto-Italic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Italic

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Etymology

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From Proto-Indo-European *med- (to measure) suffixed with the neuter noun-forming suffix *-os.

Noun

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*medos n

  1. measure
  2. judgement

Usage notes

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Two means of accounting for the appearance of Latin modus in the second declension exist.[1]

  • The e-grade s-stem noun may have coexisted with an o-grade *-os noun *modos. In Latin, the o-grade noun borne out by modus ousted the s-stem noun, and the vocalism of all surviving derivatives of the s-stem noun was adjusted to match that of modus.
  • Schrijver alternatively posits that *medos, an original s-stem would simply turn to *modos via a sound law on the way to Latin, and the second declension would have been acquired secondarily.

Declension

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consonant stemDeclension of *medos (consonant stem)
case singular plural
nominative *medos *medesā
vocative *medos *medesā
accusative *medos *medesā
genitive *medeses, medesos *medesom
dative *medesei *medesβos
ablative *medesi? medese? *medesβos
locative *medesi? medese? *medesβos

Derived terms

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Descendants

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  • Latin: modus (either secondarily transferred to the second declension or conflated with a co-existing second-declension noun)
  • Umbrian: 𐌌𐌄𐌛𐌔 (meřs), mers

References

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  1. ^ Schrijver, Peter C. H. (1991) The reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European laryngeals in Latin (Leiden studies in Indo-European; 2), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 470