Reconstruction:Proto-Kartvelian/ḳod-

This Proto-Kartvelian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Kartvelian

Root

*ḳod-

1. to hollow, hew, cut
2. a kind of wooden vessel

Descendants

• Proto-Georgian-Zan:
  • Old Georgian:
    • ⇒ Old Georgian: კოდვაჲ (ḳodvay, “to hew, cut, castrate, wound”)
      • Georgian: კოდვა (ḳodva)
    • Georgian: კოდი (ḳodi, “wooden vessel”) (see there for further descendants)
  • Zan:
    • Laz: კოდი (ǩodi, “wooden vessel”)
    • Mingrelian: კოდი (ḳodi, “wooden vessel”)
• ⇒ Svan: კუ̂ადა̈ლ (ḳûadäl, “rod, cane, stick, whip ← *cut, chopped off”), კუ̂ედ (ḳûed, “wooden vessel”)

Unsorted borrowings

• → Svan: კუ̂იდო̄ლ (ḳûidōl, “wooden vessel”)

Derived terms

• Proto-Georgian-Zan: *ḳod-(al-?) (“woodpecker”)
  • ⇒ Georgian: კოდალა (ḳodala)
  • Zan: *ḳud-
    • Laz: მკუდი (mǩudi)
    • ⇒ Mingrelian: კიდუ (ḳidu, “woodpecker”), კიდუა (ḳidua, “to hew, cut, castrate, wound; to partition”)

References

• Čikobava, Arnold (1938) Č̣anur-megrul-kartuli šedarebiti leksiḳoni [Laz–Megrel–Georgian Comparative Dictionary] (Works; IV) (in Georgian), Tbilisi: Arnold Chikobava Institute of Linguistics, published 2008, pages 119–120
• Klimov, G. A. (1998) “*ḳod-; *kod-; *ḳodal-”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages (Trends in linguistics. Documentation; 16), New York, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, pages 97–98
• Penrixi (Fähnrich), Hainc, Sarǯvelaʒe, Zurab (2000) “*ḳod-”, in Kartvelur enata eṭimologiuri leksiḳoni [Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages] (in Georgian), 2nd edition, Tbilisi: Tbilisi Sulkhan-Saba Orbeliani State University Press, pages 288–289
• Fähnrich, Heinz (2007) “*ḳod-”, in Kartwelisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch [Kartvelian Etymological Dictionary] (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.18) (in German), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 249, adds Svan