Reconstruction:Proto-Kartvelian/cxaml-

This Proto-Kartvelian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Kartvelian

Alternative reconstructions

• *cxom- (Fähnrich)

Noun

*cxaml- (Čuxua)

1. twig; arrow, needle

Descendants

• Proto-Georgian-Zan:
  • Old Georgian: ცხემლი (cxemli)
    • Georgian: (Tusheti, Adjara) ცხემლი (cxemli, “needle”), ⇒ (Pshavi, Ksani, Mtiuleti, Gudamaqari) ცხემლი (cxemli), ცხემლა (cxemla, “small wooden stick (for weaving)”)
• Svan: ცხუ̂ი (cxûi, “arrow; stinger”), ცხუ (cxu) (← *ცხუმუ̂- (*cxumû-) ← *ცხამუ̂- (*cxamû-))

See also

• *cxeml-

References

• Čuxua, Merab (2000–2003) Kartvelur ena-ḳilota šedarebiti leksiḳoni (in Georgian), Tbilisi: Universali, page 343
• Fähnrich, Heinz (2007) Kartwelisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.18) (in German), Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 567

Further reading

• Mač̣avariani, Givi (1956) “A xmovnis labializaciis šemtxvevebi svanurši”, in Sakartvelos ssr mecnierebata aḳademiis moambe (in Georgian), number 4, Tbilisi, page 365―368
• Klimov, G. A. (1998) Etymological Dictionary of the Kartvelian Languages (Trends in linguistics. Documentation; 16), New York, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, page 268