Reconstruction:Proto-Kra/ʔuŋꟲ

This Proto-Kra entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Kra

Etymology

Compare Proto-Hmong-Mien *ʔu̯əm, Proto-Khmuic *ʔom, Proto-Palaungic *ʔoːm, Proto-Khasic *ʔum.

Noun

*ʔuŋꟲ

1. water

Descendants

• Lachi
  • Lachi (Tân Lợi): ʔi²²
  • Lachi (Jinchang): i⁴⁴
• Gelao
  • Telue
    • Gelao (Fengyan): m³³
    • Gelao (Yueliangwan): m⁵⁵
    • Gelao (Wantao): ʔuŋ⁵⁵
    • Gelao (Niupo): eŋ⁵⁵
    • Gelao (Judu): ŋ³³
    • Gelao (Moji): oŋ⁵³
  • Hakhi
    • Gelao (Zhenfeng): ή⁴²
    • Gelao (Sanchong): ʔm̩⁵³
    • Gelao (Heijiaoyan): eŋ⁴⁴
  • Qau
    • Gelao (Dagouchang): əɯ⁵⁵
    • Gelao (Wanzi): əɯ⁵⁵
  • A'ou
    • Gelao (Bigong): i⁵⁵
    • Gelao (Hongfeng): ŋ³⁵, ŋ⁵⁵
    • Mulao: uŋ³³
  • Vandu
    • Red Gelao (Vietnam): aŋ³⁵
    • Red Gelao: ʔaŋ¹³, aŋ³⁵
• Qabiao: ʔoŋ³³
  • Qabiao (Phó Là): ʔong³
• Laha
  • Laha (Ta Mit): uŋ⁴²
  • Laha (Noong Lay): uŋ²⁴, uŋ⁶
• Buyang
  • Buyang (Langjia): ɔŋ²⁴
  • Buyang (Yalang): uə²⁴
  • Buyang (Ecun): ʔoːŋ³²
  • En (Nung Ven): ʔuŋ³³²
  • Paha: ʔɔŋ⁴⁵

References

• Ostapirat, Weera (2000) “Proto-Kra”, in Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area‎^[1], volume 23, number 1, pages 1-251.
• Greenhill, S.J., Blust, R., & Gray, R.D. (2008). The Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database: From Bioinformatics to Lexomics. Evolutionary Bioinformatics, 4:271–283.