Reconstruction:Proto-Tungusic/ŋalmakta

This Proto-Tungusic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Tungusic

Alternative reconstructions

• *ŋarma- (per Benzing)

Etymology

From *ŋalma- +‎ *-kta. Jurchenic languages point to a *ŋalman.

Noun

*ŋalmakta

1. mosquito

Declension

Declension of *ŋalmakta

	Singular
Nominative	*ŋalmakta
Accusative	*ŋalmaktaba
Genitive	*ŋalmaktaŋī
Dative	*ŋalmaktadua
Locative	*ŋalmaktalā
Ablative	*ŋalmaktadiki
Prolative	*ŋalmaktali
Elative	*ŋalmaktagiʒi
Instrumental	*ŋalmaktaʒi
Delative	*ŋalmaktalāki
Directive	*ŋalmaktatiki
Comitative	*ŋalmaktagili

Descendants

• Jurchenic:
  • Jurchen: 哈皃麻 (galman /⁠ha-r-ma⁠/)
    • Manchu: ᡤᠠᠯᠮᠠᠨ (galman)
• Tungusic:
  • Northern Tungusic:
    • Evenki: ӈанмакта (ŋanmakta)
    • Negidal: ӈанмакта (ŋanmakta)
    • Oroqen: ɲalmakta
    • Solon: namakta
  • Southern Tungusic:
    • Central:
      • Oroch: гамакта (gamakta)
      • Udihe: ӈамакта (ŋamakta)
    • South-Eastern:
      • Nanai: гармакта (garmakta)
      • Orok: налмакта (nalmakta), ӈалмакта (ŋalmakta), налпакта (nalpakta), намнакта (namnakta)
      • Ulch: галмакта (galmakta)

Referenes

• Benzing, Johannes (1955), Die tungusischen Sprachen. Versuch einer vergleichenden Grammatik (Abhandlungen der Geistes- und Sozialwissenschaftlichen Klasse; 11) (in German), Wiesbaden: Verlag der Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur in Mainz in Kommission bei Franz Steiner Verlag, page 49
• Cincius, V. I. (1975), Сравнительный словарь тунгусо-маньчжурских языков [Comparative Dictionary of Tungus-Manchu Languages] (in Russian), volume 1, Leningrad: Nauka, page 657
• Kane, Daniel (1989), The Sino-Jurchen Vocabulary of the Bureau of Interpreters (Uralic and Altaic Series; vol. 153), Bloomington, Indiana: Research Institute for Inner Asian Studies, Indiana University, →ISBN, page 230.