Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/bodu-

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

Uncertain. Perhaps a denominal verb, for which compare Old Uyghur بوى (boy, “paint, color”).

Verb

*bodu-

1. (transitive) to paint

Conjugation

Conjugation of *bodu- (Common Turkic)

Note: Actual conjugations can be more complex than tables below. Compound forms with the auxiliary *er- not shown.

Positive
infinitive			*bodumak
participle	present		*bodugan, bodugma, bodur
	past		*boduduk, bodumïš
	future		*bodudačï, bodumakčï, bodusïk, boduyačak
verbal noun			*boduma, bodug, bodugu
way of doing			*boduš
			singular			plural
			1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
			*ben	*sen	*ol	*biz	*siz	*olar
indicative	aorist		*bodur ben	*bodur sen	*bodur	*bodur biz	*bodur siz	*bodur
	past	simple	*bodudum	*boduduŋ	*bodudï	*boduduk, bodudumuz	*boduduŋuz	*bodudï
		inferential	*bodumïš ben	*bodumïš sen	*bodumïš	*bodumïš biz	*bodumïš siz	*bodumïš
	future	simple	*bodudačï ben, bodumakčï ben, boduyačak ben	*bodudačï sen, bodumakčï sen, boduyačak sen	*bodudačï, bodumakčï, boduyačak	*bodudačï biz, bodumakčï biz, boduyačak biz	*bodudačï siz, bodumakčï siz, boduyačak siz	*bodudačï, bodumakčï, boduyačak
		predictive	*bodugay ben	*bodugay sen	*bodugay	*bodugay biz	*bodugay siz	*bodugay
		necessitive	*bodusukum	*bodusukuŋ	*bodusuk	*bodusukumuz	*bodusukuŋuz	*bodusuk
conditional			*bodusam, bodusar ben	*bodusaŋ, bodusar sen	*bodusa, bodusar	*bodusak, bodusamïz, bodusar biz	*bodusaŋïz, bodusar siz	*bodusalar, bodusar
optative			*bodugay ben	*bodugay sen	*bodugay	*bodugay biz	*bodugay siz	*bodugay
progressive			*bodumakda ben	*bodumakda sen	*bodumakda	*bodumakda biz	*bodumakda siz	*bodumakda
necessitative			*bodumalïg ben	*bodumalïg sen	*bodumalïg	*bodumalïg biz	*bodumalïg siz	*bodumalïg
imperative			*boduyayïn	*bodu, bodugïl	*boduzun	*boduyalïm	*boduyuŋ	*boduzun
Negative
infinitive			*bodumamak
participle	present		*bodumagan, bodumagma, bodumaz
	past		*bodumaduk, bodumamïš
	future		*bodumačï, bodumasïk, bodumayačak
verbal noun			*bodumama, bodumag, bodumagu
way of doing			*bodumaš
			singular			plural
			1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
			*ben	*sen	*ol	*biz	*siz	*olar
indicative	aorist		*bodumaz ben	*bodumaz sen	*bodumaz	*bodumaz biz	*bodumaz siz	*bodumaz
	past	simple	*bodumadum	*bodumaduŋ	*bodumadï	*bodumaduk, bodumadumuz	*bodumaduŋuz	*bodumadï
		inferential	*bodumamïš ben	*bodumamïš sen	*bodumamïš	*bodumamïš biz	*bodumamïš siz	*bodumamïš
	future	simple	*bodumačï ben, bodumayačak ben	*bodumačï sen, bodumayačak sen	*bodumačï, bodumayačak	*bodumačï biz, bodumayačak biz	*bodumačï siz, bodumayačak siz	*bodumačï, bodumayačak
		predictive	*bodumagay ben	*bodumagay sen	*bodumagay	*bodumagay biz	*bodumagay siz	*bodumagay
		necessitive	*bodumasukum	*bodumasukuŋ	*bodumasuk	*bodumasukumuz	*bodumasukuŋuz	*bodumasuk
conditional			*bodumasam, bodumasar ben	*bodumasaŋ, bodumasar sen	*bodumasa, bodumasar	*bodumasak, bodumasamïz, bodumasar biz	*bodumasaŋïz, bodumasar siz	*bodumasalar, bodumasar
optative			*bodumagay ben	*bodumagay sen	*bodumagay	*bodumagay biz	*bodumagay siz	*bodumagay
progressive			*bodumamakda ben	*bodumamakda sen	*bodumamakda	*bodumamakda biz	*bodumamakda siz	*bodumamakda
necessitative			*bodumamalïg ben	*bodumamalïg sen	*bodumamalïg	*bodumamalïg biz	*bodumamalïg siz	*bodumamalïg
imperative			*bodumayayïn	*boduma, bodumagïl	*bodumazun	*bodumayalïm	*bodumayïŋ	*bodumazun

Derived terms

• *bodu-g (“paint”)
  • *bodug-sa-
    • *bodug-sa-k
• *bodu-gučï
• *bodu-l-
• *bodu-n-
• *bodu-t-

Descendants

• → Proto-Mongolic: *buda-
  • Mongolian: будах (budax)
• Oghur:
  • Chuvash: пӗве (pĕve), пӗвет (pĕvet)
• Proto-Common Turkic: *bodu-, *boda-

• Arghu:
  • Khalaj: bodamaq
• Proto-Oghuz: *boya-
  • West Oghuz:
    • Old Anatolian Turkish: [script needed] (boyamaq)
      • Azerbaijani: boyamaq
      • Ottoman Turkish: بویامق (boyamak)
        • Gagauz: boyamaa
        • Turkish: boyamak
  • East Oghuz:
    • Salar: boyağusı
    • Turkmen: boýamak
• Karluk:
  • Karakhanid: بُذوُماقْ (boδūmāq)
    • Khorezmian Turkic: [script needed] (boya-)
      • Chagatai: بويماق (boyamaq)
        • Uzbek: boʻyamoq
        • Uyghur: بويىماق (boyimaq)
• Kipchak:
  • Kipchak: بويماق (boyamaq)
    • North Kypchak:
      • Bashkir: буяу (buyaw)
      • Tatar: буярга (buyarğa)
    • West Kipchak:
      • Crimean Tatar: boyamaq
      • Karachay-Balkar: бояргъа (boyarğa)
      • Karaim: [script needed] (boya-)
      • Kumyk: боямакъ (boyamaq)
    • South Kipchak:
      • Caspian:
        • Kazakh: бояу (boäu)
        • Karakalpak: boyaw
        • Nogai: бояв (boyav)
      • Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
        • Kyrgyz: боёо (boyoo)
        • Southern Altai: бойор (boyor), бойо- (boyo-) (dialectal, Teleut)
• Siberian Turkic:
  • Old Uyghur: 𐽼𐽳𐽸𐽳𐽹𐽰𐽲 (pwdwmʾq /⁠bodu-⁠/)
    • ⇒ Old Uyghur: 𐽼𐽳𐽸𐽳𐽲 (pwdwq /⁠boduġ⁠/, “paint, dye”)
      • → Classical Mongolian: ᠪᠤᠳᠤᠭ (budug)
      • Western Yugur: bozəɣ
  • North Siberian:
    • Yakut: бутуй (butuy)
  • South Siberian:
    • Sayan:
      • Tuvan: будуур (buduur)

References

• Clauson, Gerard (1972), “boḏu:-”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 300
• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–), “boyamak”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
• Räsänen, Martti (1969), Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 77
• Sevortjan, E. V. (1978), Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume II, Moscow: Nauka, page 178
• Starostin, Sergei; Dybo, Anna; Mudrak, Oleg (2003), “644”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill