Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/yaka

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Noun

*yaka

1. collar
2. edge

Declension

Declension of *yaka

	singular 3)
nominative	*yaka
accusative	*yakag, *yakanï1)
genitive	*yakanïŋ
dative	*yakaka
locative	*yakada
ablative	*yakadan
allative	*yakagaru
instrumental 2)	*yakan
equative 2)	*yakača
similative 2)	*yakalayu
comitative 2)	*yakalïgu

¹⁾ Originally used only in pronominal declension.
²⁾ The original instrumental, equative, similative, and comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality in Proto-Turkic is disputed. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page on Wikibooks.

Descendants

• Oghur:
  • Chuvash: ҫуха (śuh̬a, “collar”)
  • →? Hungarian: nyak

• Arghu:
  • Khalaj: yaqqa (“collar”)
• Proto-Oghuz: *yaka
  • West Oghuz:
    • Old Anatolian Turkish:
      • Azerbaijani: yaxa (“collar; bank”)
        • → Khalaj: yaxa (“collar”)
      • Ottoman Turkish: یاقه (yaka), یقه (yaka)
        • Turkish: yaka
        • → Albanian: jakë
        • → Arabic: يَاقَة (yāqa)
        • → Armenian: յախա (yaxa)
        • → Aromanian: iácã, yiácã
        • → Bulgarian: яка́ (jaká)
        • → Greek: γιακάς (giakás)
        • → Ladino: yaká
        • → Laz: ჲაქა (yaka)
        • → Macedonian: јака (jaka)
        • → Romanian: iaca
        • → Serbo-Croatian:

          Cyrillic script: ја̏ка

          Latin script: jȁka

      • → Persian: یقه (yaqa, “collar”), یخه (yaxa / yaxe), (Dari) یخن (yaxan), (Hazaragi) جاغه (jāġa)
  • Oghuz-Uyghur:
    • Salar: yaqa
  • East Oghuz:
    • Turkmen: ýaka
• Karluk:
  • Uyghur: ياقا (yaqa)
  • Uzbek: yoqa (“collar; side; shore, bank”)
• Kipchak:
  • North Kipchak:
    • Bashkir: яға (yağa)
    • Tatar: яка (yaqa)
  • West Kipchak:
    • Crimean Tatar: yaqa
    • Kumyk: якъа (yaqa)
    • Urum: йаға
      • → Mariupol Greek: яга́ (jahá)
  • South Kipchak:
    • Kazakh: жаға (jağa, “collar”)
  • Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
    • Kyrgyz: жака (jaka, “collar”)
      • → Pashto: جاغه (jāǧá, “collar”)
    • Southern Altai: јака (ǰaka, “collar, shore, bank”)
• Siberian:
  • Old Uyghur: [script needed] (jaqa, “collar”)
  • North Siberian:
    • Dolgan: һака (haka, “Sakha”)
    • Yakut: саҕа (sağa, “collar; edge”), саха (saqa, “Sakha”)
  • South Siberian:
    • Yenisei:
      • Khakas: чаға (çağa, “trousers/pants' belt; edge”)
      • Shor: чаға (çağa)
    • Northern Altai: чага (čaga)