Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/arfō

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

Uncertain; possibly inherited from Proto-Germanic *arfô^[1],^[2] or borrowed from Latin ervum.^[3]

Noun

*arfō m

chickweed

Inflection

Masculine an-stem
	Singular
Nominative	*arfō
Genitive	arfini, arfan
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*arfō	*arfan
Accusative	*arfan	*arfan
Genitive	arfini, arfan	*arfanō
Dative	arfini, arfan	*arfum
Instrumental	arfini, arfan	*arfum

Descendants

Old English: earfan pl
Old Frisian: *arfa
- Saterland Frisian: arf, arve
Old Saxon: *arfo
- Middle Low German: *arfe
  - German Low German: Arf
  - →? Old Norse: arfi (see there for further descendants)
Old Dutch: *arfo
- Middle Dutch: *erfe
  - Dutch: erf

References

^ Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*arfan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 34
^ Vladimir Orel (2003), “*arfōn”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 25
^ van Veen, P.A.F.; van der Sijs, Nicoline (1997), “erf¹”, in Etymologisch woordenboek: de herkomst van onze woorden (in Dutch), 2nd edition, Utrecht; Antwerpen: Van Dale Lexicografie, →ISBN

[1] Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*arfan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 34

[2] Vladimir Orel (2003), “*arfōn”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 25

[3] van Veen, P.A.F.; van der Sijs, Nicoline (1997), “erf¹”, in Etymologisch woordenboek: de herkomst van onze woorden (in Dutch), 2nd edition, Utrecht; Antwerpen: Van Dale Lexicografie, →ISBN

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