Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/harmēn

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *harmāną. Equivalent to *harm (“painful”) +‎ *-ēn or *harm (“pain, harm”) +‎ *-ēn.

Verb

*harmēn

1. to harm, injure

Inflection

Class 3 weak
Infinitive	*harmēn
1st sg. past	*harm?dā
Infinitive	*harmēn
Genitive infin.	*harmēnijas
Dative infin.	*harmēnijē
Instrum. infin.	*harmēniju
Indicative	Present	Past
1st singular	*harmē	*harm?dā
2nd singular	*harmēs	*harm?dēs, *harm?dēs
3rd singular	*harmēþ	*harm?dē, *harm?dā
1st plural	*harmēm	*harm?dum
2nd plural	*harmēþ	*harm?dud
3rd plural	*harmēnþ	*harm?dun
Subjunctive	Present	Past
1st singular	*harmē	*harm?dī
2nd singular	*harmēs	*harm?dī
3rd singular	*harmē	*harm?dī
1st plural	*harmēm	*harm?dīm
2nd plural	*harmēþ	*harm?dīd
3rd plural	*harmēn	*harm?dīn
Imperative	Present
Singular	*harmē
Plural	*harmēþ
	Present	Past
Participle	*harmēndī	*harm?d

Descendants

• Old English: hearmian
  • Middle English: harmen
    • English: harm
    • Scots: hairm
• Old High German: harmēn
  • Middle High German: harmen
• → Old French: hargnier (see there for further descendants)