Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/hramusō

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *hramusô, from Proto-Indo-European *krómus-ō ~ *kr̥mus-nés, from *kermus-, *kremus- (“wild garlic”). Cognate with Lithuanian kermùšė (“wild garlic”), Proto-Slavic *čermъša (“ramson”), Ancient Greek κρόμμυον (krómmuon, “onion”), Middle Irish crim (“garlic”).

Noun

*hramusō m

1. ramson, wild garlic

Inflection

Masculine an-stem
	Singular
Nominative	*hramusō
Genitive	*hramusini, *hramusan
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*hramusō	*hramusan
Accusative	*hramusan	*hramusan
Genitive	*hramusini, *hramusan	*hramusanō
Dative	*hramusini, *hramusan	*hramusum
Instrumental	*hramusini, *hramusan	*hramusum

Reconstruction notes

There is no direct evidence of the medial -u- in any of the Germanic languages, but it is assumed based on evidence from other Indo-European languages.

Derived terms

• *hramusijā
  • Old High German: ramese, ramusia

Descendants

• Old English: hramsa, hromsa, hramse, ramesa
  • Middle English: ramson, ramsoun, rameson, ramesen, rampson, rampsoun
    • English: ramson, buckrams, rams, ramps (dialectal)
    • Scots: ramps, ramsh
• Old Saxon: *hramuso, *hremiso
  • Middle Low German: ramese, remese
    • → Danish: rams (dialectal)
      • ⇒ Danish: ramsløg
    • → Norwegian: rams
    • → Old Swedish: rams
      • Swedish: rams
        • ⇒ Swedish: ramslök
• Old Dutch: *ramuso
  • Middle Dutch: *ramese
    • Dutch: rams
• Old High German: *hramuso, *ramuso,
  • Middle High German: *ramese
    • German: Rams
    • Bavarian: Ramsel, Ramsenwurz, Ramschenwurz

Further reading

• Hellquist, Elof (1922) “rams, ramslök”, in Svensk etymologisk ordbok [Swedish etymological dictionary]‎^[2] (in Swedish), Lund: C. W. K. Gleerups förlag, page 625
• Pokorny, Julius (1959) “(kerem-), krem- (: krom-) und kerm-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 580-581
• Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), Encyclopedia of Indo-European culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page *krémhₓus (gen. *krm̥hₓóus): “620”