Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/norþr

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *nurþraz.

Adjective

*norþr (comparative *norþrōʀō, superlative *norþrōst)

2. northern, northernly

   Synonym: *norþrōnī

Coordinate terms

compass points:  ^[edit]

	*norþr
*westr		*austr
	*sunþr

Descendants

• Old English: norþ
  • Middle English: north, norþ, northe, norþe, norrþ
    • English: north
    • Scots: north
    • Yola: nordh, noardth
  • → Old French: nort (see there for further descendants)
• Old Frisian: north
• Old Saxon: *northar, *nordar
  • Middle Low German: nōrder, narder
• Old High German: *nordar
  • Middle High German: norder

Adverb

*norþr (comparative *norþrō, superlative *norþrōst)

2. in the direction of north, northward

Descendants

• Old English: norþ
  • Middle English: north
    • English: north
    • Scots: north
    • Yola: nordh
• Old Frisian: *north
  • North Frisian:

    Föhr-Amrum: nuurd

    Mooring: nord

    Sylt: Nuurđ

  • West Frisian: noard
• Old Saxon: north
• Old Dutch: *north
  • Middle Dutch: nort
    • Dutch: noord
      • Afrikaans: noord
      • Negerhollands: noord
      • → Papiamentu: nort, nòrt, noord
    • Limburgish: naord
• Old High German: *nordar
  • Middle High German: norder

Noun

*norþr m or n

2. north

Inflection

Masculine a-stem
	Singular
Nominative	*norþr(a)
Genitive	*norþras
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*norþr(a)	*norþrōs
Accusative	*norþr(a)	*norþrā
Genitive	*norþras	*norþrō
Dative	*norþrē	*norþrum
Instrumental	*norþru	*norþrum

Neuter a-stem
	Singular
Nominative	*norþr(a)
Genitive	*norþras
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*norþr(a)	*norþru
Accusative	*norþr(a)	*norþru
Genitive	*norþras	*norþrō
Dative	*norþrē	*norþrum
Instrumental	*norþru	*norþrum

Descendants

• Old English: *norþ
  • Middle English: north
    • English: north
    • Scots: north
    • Yola: nordh, noardth
• Old Frisian: north m
  • North Frisian:

    Föhr-Amrum: nuurd

    Heligoland: noor

    Mooring: nord

    Sylt: Nuurđ

  • Saterland Frisian: Noude, Nudde m or n
  • West Frisian: noard
• Old Saxon: north m or n
  • Middle Low German: nort, nōrt
    • German Low German: Noord
• Old Dutch: *north
  • Middle Dutch: nort, noort n
• Old High German: nordar n, nord n or m