Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/swerkan
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This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-West Germanic
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Germanic *swerkaną.
Verb
[edit]*swerkan[1]
- to become dark
Inflection
[edit]| Strong class 3 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Infinitive | *swerkan | |
| 1st sg. past | *swark | |
| 3rd pl. past | *swurkun | |
| Past ptcple | *sworkan | |
| Infinitive | *swerkan | |
| Genitive infin. | *swerkannjas | |
| Dative infin. | *swerkannjē | |
| Instrum. infin. | *swerkannju | |
| Indicative | Present | Past |
| 1st singular | *swerku | *swark |
| 2nd singular | *swirkiʀi | *swurkī |
| 3rd singular | *swirkidi | *swark |
| 1st plural | *swerkum | *swurkum |
| 2nd plural | *swirkid | *swurkud |
| 3rd plural | *swerkand | *swurkun |
| Subjunctive | Present | Past |
| 1st singular | *swerkē | *swurkī |
| 2nd singular | *swerkēs | *swurkī |
| 3rd singular | *swerkē | *swurkī |
| 1st plural | *swerkēm | *swurkīm |
| 2nd plural | *swerkēþ | *swurkīd |
| 3rd plural | *swerkēn | *swurkīn |
| Imperative | Present | |
| Singular | *swirk | |
| Plural | *swirkid | |
| Present | Past | |
| Participle | *swerkandī | *sworkan |
Descendants
[edit]- Old English: sweorcan
- Old Frisian: swerka
- Old Saxon: swerkan
- Old Dutch: *swerkan
- Middle Dutch: swerken
- Old High German: swerchan
References
[edit]- ^ Ringe, Donald, Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 127: “*swerkan”