Reconstruction:Proto-Yeniseian/qowč

This Proto-Yeniseian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Yeniseian

Etymology

Compared to Eyak ɢuˑǰih (“wolf”) and Tlingit g̱ooch (“wolf”).

Noun

*qowč (plural *qowč-ja-n)

(zoology) wolf

Alternative reconstructions

*qʌtʰə (per Werner 2002)
*qɨte, *χɨte (per Starostin 1994-2005)^[1]
*qɯ̄ˑthe (per Khabtagaeva 2019)^[2]
*qɯtʰe, *qɤtʰe (per Vajda-Werner 2022)
*ɢujči (per Fortescue-Vajda 2022)
*ɢowč, *qowčja, *ɢowčja (per Vajda 2024)
*qʰ^?ɯt (per Cologne group. Pattern: q.1-t.1)

Descendants

Ketic:
- Imbak Ket: xuːt (xuːt) (Mes.; Eed-Šeš dialect)
- Imbak Ket: kxɨ́ɨte (kxɨ́ɨte) (M., W.)
  - Ket: ӄыт (qɨ̄ˑt, singular), ӄътн (qʌtn, plural) (Southern dialects)^[3]
  - Ket: ӄыте (qɨ̄ˑtʲe, singular), ӄытн (qɨ̄ˑtn, plural) (Central and Northern dialects)
- Ostyak Yug: χɨ́ɨta (χɨ́ɨta), xýtta (xýtta) (M.; 18^th century recordings), xyt (xyt) (M.; 19^th century recording)
  - Yug: хыт (χɨ̄t, singular), хътн (χʌtn, plural)
Arinic:
- Arin: qut (M., Kl., W.), kuːt (Str.), kot (H.)
Pumpokolic:
- Pumpokol: chótu (M.), xótu (W.)

References

^ https://starlingdb.org/cgi-bin/response.cgi?single=1&basename=%2fDATA%2fYENISEY%2fYENET&text_number=543&root=config
^ Khabtagaeva, Bayarma (2019), Language Contact in Siberia: Turkic, Mongolic, and Tungusic Loanwords in Yeniseian (The languages of Asia series; 19)‎^[1], Brill, →ISBN, page 229
^ Kotorova, Elizaveta; Nefedov, Andrey (2015), Большой словарь кетского языка, Münich: LINCOM, →ISBN, page 298

Fortescue, Michael; Vajda, Edward (2022), “98.) ~*ɢojǰ()”, in Mid-Holocene Language Connections between Asia and North America (Brill's Studies in the Indigenous Languages of the Americas; 17)‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 373
Vajda, Edward; Werner, Heinrich (2022), “*qɯtʰe/*qɤtʰe”, in Comparative-Historical Yeniseian Dictionary (Languages of the World/Dictionaries; 79, 80), volume 1, Muenchen: LINCOM GmbH, →ISBN, page 753
Vajda, Edward (2024), “*qowč-ja, [*ɢowč-ja?]”, in The Languages and Linguistics of Northern Asia: Language Families (The World of Linguistics [WOL]; 10.1)‎^[3], volume 1, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →DOI, →ISBN, page 422
Werner, Heinrich (2002), “¹qɨˑt”, in Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der Jenissej-Sprachen, volume 2, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, page 155
Werner, Heinrich (2005), “wolf”, in Die Jenissej-Sprachen des 18. Jahrhunderts, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, page 334

[1] ttps://starlingdb.org/cgi-bin/response.cgi?single=1&basename=%2fDATA%2fYENISEY%2fYENET&text_number=543&root=config

[2] Khabtagaeva, Bayarma (2019), Language Contact in Siberia: Turkic, Mongolic, and Tungusic Loanwords in Yeniseian (The languages of Asia series; 19)‎^[1], Brill, →ISBN, page 229

[3] Kotorova, Elizaveta; Nefedov, Andrey (2015), Большой словарь кетского языка, Münich: LINCOM, →ISBN, page 298

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