Template:aeb-verb/documentation

Disclaimer

This version of conjugation forms aims at a regularized standardized Tunisian variety. It may happen that some dialects don't use some of these forms.

Usage

Parameters

Parameters are: the verb itself, the weakness, passive, causative and alif-maqsūra, that is:

{{aeb-verb/conj|verb|weak|am=1 or left out|cx=1 or left out|px=1 or left out}}

Verb

Stripping away traditional Arabic categorizations, every Tunisian verb maps to one of the 7 groups explained below.

For the template {{aeb-verb/conj|verb|weak}} to work, the verb itself needs to be written in a specific template according to its group

Weak

The weakness is only ever assigned to the first four groups, otherwise it's left out.

Ireegular Verbs

5 irregular verbs have built-in forms so no weakness is needed for any either, they are:

• {{aeb-verb/conj|jee|cx=1}} (Group CVVC)

Conjugation of جِا

Group CVVC		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
Active voice
past	m	جِيت (jīt)	جِيت (jīt)	جِا (je)	جِينا (jīnə)	جِيتُوا (jītu)	جِاوا (jēw)
	f			جِات (jēt)
non-past	m	نجِي (nji)	تجِي (tji)	يجِي (yji)	نجِيوا (njīw)	تجِيوا (tjīw)	يجِيوا (yjīw)
	f			تجِي (tji)
imperative	c		اِيجا (ījə)			اِيجِاوا (ījēw)
Passive voice
past	m
	f
non-past	m
	f
imperative	c
Causative voice
past	m	جَيِّيت (jayyīt)	جَيِّيت (jayyīt)	جَيّا (jayyə)	جَيِّينا (jayyīnə)	جَيِّيتُوا (jayyītu)	جَيِّاوا (jayyēw)
	f			جَيِّات (jayyēt)
non-past	m	نجَيِّي (njayyi)	تجَيِّي (tjayyi)	يجَيِّي (yjayyi)	نجَيِّيوا (njayyīw)	تجَيِّيوا (tjayyīw)	يجَيِّيوا (yjayyīw)
	f			تجَيِّي (tjayyi)
imperative	c		جَيِّي (jayyi)			جَيِّيوا (jayyīw)
Passive Causative voice
past	m	تجَيِّيت (tjayyīt)	تجَيِّيت (tjayyīt)	تجَيّا (tjayyə)	تجَيِّينا (tjayyīnə)	تجَيِّيتُوا (tjayyītu)	تجَيِّاوا (tjayyēw)
	f			تجَيِّات (tjayyēt)
non-past	m	نِتجَيّا (netjayyə)	تِتجَيّا (tetjayyə)	يِتجَيّا (yetjayyə)	نِتجَيِّاوا (netjayyēw)	تِتجَيِّاوا (tetjayyēw)	يِتجَيِّاوا (yetjayyēw)
	f			تِتجَيّا (tetjayyə)
imperative	c		اِتجَيّا (etjayyə)			اِتجَيِّاوا (etjayyēw)

• {{aeb-verb/conj|raa|cx=1|px=1}} (Group CCVV)

Conjugation of رَا

Group CCVV		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
Active voice
past	m	رِيت (rīt)	رِيت (rīt)	رَا (ra)	رِينا (rīnə)	رِيتُوا (rītu)	رَاوا (rāw)
	f			رَات (rāt)
non-past	m	نرَا (nra)	ترَا (tra)	يرَا (yra)	نرَاوا (nrāw)	ترَاوا (trāw)	يرَاوا (yrāw)
	f			ترَا (tra)
imperative	c		رَا (ra)			رَاوا (rāw)
Passive voice
past	m	ترِيت (trīt)	ترِيت (trīt)	ترَا (tra)	ترِينا (trīnə)	ترِيتُوا (trītu)	ترَاوا (trāw)
	f			ترَات (trāt)
non-past	m	نِترَا (netra)	تِترَا (tetra)	يِترَا (yetra)	نِترَاوا (netrāw)	تِترَاوا (tetrāw)	يِترَاوا (yetrāw)
	f			تِترَا (tetra)
imperative	c		اِترَا (etra)			اِترَاوا (etrāw)
Causative voice
past	m	وَرِّيت (warrīt)	وَرِّيت (warrīt)	وَرَّا (warra)	وَرِّينا (warrīnə)	وَرِّيتُوا (warrītu)	وَرَّاوا (warrāw)
	f			وَرَّات (warrāt)
non-past	m	نوَرِّي (nwarri)	توَرِّي (twarri)	يوَرِّي (ywarri)	نوَرِّيوا (nwarrīw)	توَرِّيوا (twarrīw)	يوَرِّيوا (ywarrīw)
	f			توَرِّي (twarri)
imperative	c		وَرِّي (warri)			وَرِّيوا (warrīw)
Passive Causative voice
past	m	توَرِّيت (twarrīt)	توَرِّيت (twarrīt)	توَرَّا (twarra)	توَرِّينا (twarrīnə)	توَرِّيتُوا (twarrītu)	توَرَّاوا (twarrāw)
	f			توَرَّات (twarrāt)
non-past	m	نِتوَرَّا (netwarra)	تِتوَرَّا (tetwarra)	يِتوَرَّا (yetwarra)	نِتوَرَّاوا (netwarrāw)	تِتوَرَّاوا (tetwarrāw)	يِتوَرَّاوا (yetwarrāw)
	f			تِتوَرَّا (tetwarra)
imperative	c		اِتوَرَّا (etwarra)			اِتوَرَّاوا (etwarrāw)

• {{aeb-verb/conj|klee|cx=1|px=1}} (Group CCVV)

Conjugation of كلِا

Group CCVV		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
Active voice
past	m	كلِيت (klīt)	كلِيت (klīt)	كلِا (kle)	كلِينا (klīnə)	كلِيتُوا (klītu)	كلِاوا (klēw)
	f			كلِات (klēt)
non-past	m	نِاكِل (nēkel)	تِاكِل (tēkel)	يِاكِل (yēkel)	نِاكلُوا (nēklu)	تِاكلُوا (tēklu)	يِاكلُوا (yēklu)
	f			تِاكِل (tēkel)
imperative	c		كُول (kūl)			كُولُوا (kūlu)
Passive voice
past	m	تِكلِيت (teklīt)	تِكلِيت (teklīt)	تِكلِا (tekle)	تِكلِينا (teklīnə)	تِكلِيتُوا (teklītu)	تِكلِاوا (teklēw)
	f			تِكلِات (teklēt)
non-past	m	نِتكلِا (netkle)	تِتكلِا (tetkle)	يِتكلِا (yetkle)	نِتكلِاوا (netklēw)	تِتكلِاوا (tetklēw)	يِتكلِاوا (yetklēw)
	f			تِتكلِا (tetkle)
imperative	c		اِتكلِا (etkle)			اِتكلِاوا (etklēw)
Causative voice
past	m	وَكِّلت (wakkelt)	وَكِّلت (wakkelt)	وَكِّل (wakkel)	وَكِّلنا (wakkelnə)	وَكِّلتُوا (wakkeltu)	وَكّلُوا (wakklu)
	f			وَكّلِت (wakklet)
non-past	m	نوَكِّل (nwakkel)	توَكِّل (twakkel)	يوَكِّل (ywakkel)	نوَكّلُوا (nwakklu)	توَكّلُوا (twakklu)	يوَكّلُوا (ywakklu)
	f			توَكِّل (twakkel)
imperative	c		وَكِّل (wakkel)			وَكّلُوا (wakklu)
Passive Causative voice
past	m	توَكِّلت (twakkelt)	توَكِّلت (twakkelt)	توَكِّل (twakkel)	توَكِّلنا (twakkelnə)	توَكِّلتُوا (twakkeltu)	توَكّلُوا (twakklu)
	f			توَكّلِت (twakklet)
non-past	m	نِتوَكِّل (netwakkel)	تِتوَكِّل (tetwakkel)	يِتوَكِّل (yetwakkel)	نِتوَكّلُوا (netwakklu)	تِتوَكّلُوا (tetwakklu)	يِتوَكّلُوا (yetwakklu)
	f			تِتوَكِّل (tetwakkel)
imperative	c		اِتوَكِّل (etwakkel)			اِتوَكّلُوا (etwakklu)

• {{aeb-verb/conj|ḵḏee|cx=1|px=1}} (Group CCVV)

Conjugation of خذِا

Group CCVV		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
Active voice
past	m	خذِيت (ḵḏīt)	خذِيت (ḵḏīt)	خذِا (ḵḏe)	خذِينا (ḵḏīnə)	خذِيتُوا (ḵḏītu)	خذِاوا (ḵḏēw)
	f			خذِات (ḵḏēt)
non-past	m	نِاخِذ (nēḵeḏ)	تِاخِذ (tēḵeḏ)	يِاخِذ (yēḵeḏ)	نِاخذُوا (nēḵḏu)	تِاخذُوا (tēḵḏu)	يِاخذُوا (yēḵḏu)
	f			تِاخِذ (tēḵeḏ)
imperative	c		خُوذ (ḵūḏ)			خُوذُوا (ḵūḏu)
Passive voice
past	m	تِخذِيت (teḵḏīt)	تِخذِيت (teḵḏīt)	تِخذِا (teḵḏe)	تِخذِينا (teḵḏīnə)	تِخذِيتُوا (teḵḏītu)	تِخذِاوا (teḵḏēw)
	f			تِخذِات (teḵḏēt)
non-past	m	نِتخذِا (netḵḏe)	تِتخذِا (tetḵḏe)	يِتخذِا (yetḵḏe)	نِتخذِاوا (netḵḏēw)	تِتخذِاوا (tetḵḏēw)	يِتخذِاوا (yetḵḏēw)
	f			تِتخذِا (tetḵḏe)
imperative	c		اِتخذِا (etḵḏe)			اِتخذِاوا (etḵḏēw)
Causative voice
past	m	وَخِّذت (waḵḵeḏt)	وَخِّذت (waḵḵeḏt)	وَخِّذ (waḵḵeḏ)	وَخِّذنا (waḵḵeḏnə)	وَخِّذتُوا (waḵḵeḏtu)	وَخّذُوا (waḵḵḏu)
	f			وَخّذِت (waḵḵḏet)
non-past	m	نوَخِّذ (nwaḵḵeḏ)	توَخِّذ (twaḵḵeḏ)	يوَخِّذ (ywaḵḵeḏ)	نوَخّذُوا (nwaḵḵḏu)	توَخّذُوا (twaḵḵḏu)	يوَخّذُوا (ywaḵḵḏu)
	f			توَخِّذ (twaḵḵeḏ)
imperative	c		وَخِّذ (waḵḵeḏ)			وَخّذُوا (waḵḵḏu)
Passive Causative voice
past	m	توَخِّذت (twaḵḵeḏt)	توَخِّذت (twaḵḵeḏt)	توَخِّذ (twaḵḵeḏ)	توَخِّذنا (twaḵḵeḏnə)	توَخِّذتُوا (twaḵḵeḏtu)	توَخّذُوا (twaḵḵḏu)
	f			توَخّذِت (twaḵḵḏet)
non-past	m	نِتوَخِّذ (netwaḵḵeḏ)	تِتوَخِّذ (tetwaḵḵeḏ)	يِتوَخِّذ (yetwaḵḵeḏ)	نِتوَخّذُوا (netwaḵḵḏu)	تِتوَخّذُوا (tetwaḵḵḏu)	يِتوَخّذُوا (yetwaḵḵḏu)
	f			تِتوَخِّذ (tetwaḵḵeḏ)
imperative	c		اِتوَخِّذ (etwaḵḵeḏ)			اِتوَخّذُوا (etwaḵḵḏu)

• {{aeb-verb/conj|wqof|cx=1}} (Group CCVC)

Conjugation of وقُف

Group CCVC		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
Active voice
past	m	وقُفت (wqoft)	وقُفت (wqoft)	وقُف (wqof)	وقُفنا (wqofnə)	وقُفتُوا (wqoftu)	وُقفُوا (woqfu)
	f			وُقفِت (woqfet)
non-past	m	نِاقِف (nēqef)	تِاقِف (tēqef)	يِاقِف (yēqef)	نِاقفُوا (nēqfu)	تِاقفُوا (tēqfu)	يِاقفُوا (yēqfu)
	f			تِاقِف (tēqef)
imperative	c		آقِف (ēqef)			آقفُوا (ēqfu)
Passive voice
past	m
	f
non-past	m
	f
imperative	c
Causative voice
past	m	وَقِّفت (waqqeft)	وَقِّفت (waqqeft)	وَقِّف (waqqef)	وَقِّفنا (waqqefnə)	وَقِّفتُوا (waqqeftu)	وَقّفُوا (waqqfu)
	f			وَقّفِت (waqqfet)
non-past	m	نوَقِّف (nwaqqef)	توَقِّف (twaqqef)	يوَقِّف (ywaqqef)	نوَقّفُوا (nwaqqfu)	توَقّفُوا (twaqqfu)	يوَقّفُوا (ywaqqfu)
	f			توَقِّف (twaqqef)
imperative	c		وَقِّف (waqqef)			وَقّفُوا (waqqfu)
Passive Causative voice
past	m	توَقِّفت (twaqqeft)	توَقِّفت (twaqqeft)	توَقِّف (twaqqef)	توَقِّفنا (twaqqefnə)	توَقِّفتُوا (twaqqeftu)	توَقّفُوا (twaqqfu)
	f			توَقّفِت (twaqqfet)
non-past	m	نِتوَقِّف (netwaqqef)	تِتوَقِّف (tetwaqqef)	يِتوَقِّف (yetwaqqef)	نِتوَقّفُوا (netwaqqfu)	تِتوَقّفُوا (tetwaqqfu)	يِتوَقّفُوا (yetwaqqfu)
	f			تِتوَقِّف (tetwaqqef)
imperative	c		اِتوَقِّف (etwaqqef)			اِتوَقّفُوا (etwaqqfu)

Alif Maqsūra

The am parameter is more of an etymological quirk. Compare braa ("to heal") that is set am=1 {{aeb-verb/conj|braa|a|am=1}} vs. qraa ("to study") that is left out completely that is {{aeb-verb/conj|qraa|a}}

Conjugation of برَى

Group CCVV		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
Active voice
past	m	برِيت (brīt)	برِيت (brīt)	برَى (bra)	برِينا (brīnə)	برِيتُوا (brītu)	برَاوا (brāw)
	f			برَات (brāt)
non-past	m	نَبرَى (nabra)	تَبرَى (tabra)	يَبرَى (yabra)	نَبرَاوا (nabrāw)	تَبرَاوا (tabrāw)	يَبرَاوا (yabrāw)
	f			تَبرَى (tabra)
imperative	c		اَبرَى (abra)			اَبرَاوا (abrāw)
Passive voice
past	m
	f
non-past	m
	f
imperative	c
Causative voice
past	m
	f
non-past	m
	f
imperative	c
Passive Causative voice
past	m
	f
non-past	m
	f
imperative	c

Conjugation of قرَا

Group CCVV		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
Active voice
past	m	قرِيت (qrīt)	قرِيت (qrīt)	قرَا (qra)	قرِينا (qrīnə)	قرِيتُوا (qrītu)	قرَاوا (qrāw)
	f			قرَات (qrāt)
non-past	m	نَقرَا (naqra)	تَقرَا (taqra)	يَقرَا (yaqra)	نَقرَاوا (naqrāw)	تَقرَاوا (taqrāw)	يَقرَاوا (yaqrāw)
	f			تَقرَا (taqra)
imperative	c		اَقرَا (aqra)			اَقرَاوا (aqrāw)
Passive voice
past	m
	f
non-past	m
	f
imperative	c
Causative voice
past	m
	f
non-past	m
	f
imperative	c
Passive Causative voice
past	m
	f
non-past	m
	f
imperative	c

Passive

Theoretically, every verb allows a passive voice. But the meaning of the verb itself determines whether it makes sense to actually exist or not. To signal its existence, input px=1. For example harre ("to overuse") has a valid passive voice: {{aeb-verb/conj|harre|am=1|px=1}}

Conjugation of هَرّى

Group V1		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
Active voice
past	m	هَرِّيت (harrīt)	هَرِّيت (harrīt)	هَرّى (harrə)	هَرِّينا (harrīnə)	هَرِّيتُوا (harrītu)	هَرِّاوا (harrēw)
	f			هَرِّات (harrēt)
non-past	m	نهَرِّي (nharri)	تهَرِّي (tharri)	يهَرِّي (yharri)	نهَرِّيوا (nharrīw)	تهَرِّيوا (tharrīw)	يهَرِّيوا (yharrīw)
	f			تهَرِّي (tharri)
imperative	c		هَرِّي (harri)			هَرِّيوا (harrīw)
Passive voice
past	m	تهَرِّيت (tharrīt)	تهَرِّيت (tharrīt)	تهَرّى (tharrə)	تهَرِّينا (tharrīnə)	تهَرِّيتُوا (tharrītu)	تهَرِّاوا (tharrēw)
	f			تهَرِّات (tharrēt)
non-past	m	نِتهَرّى (netharrə)	تِتهَرّى (tetharrə)	يِتهَرّى (yetharrə)	نِتهَرِّاوا (netharrēw)	تِتهَرِّاوا (tetharrēw)	يِتهَرِّاوا (yetharrēw)
	f			تِتهَرّى (tetharrə)
imperative	c		اِتهَرّى (etharrə)			اِتهَرِّاوا (etharrēw)
Causative voice
past	m
	f
non-past	m
	f
imperative	c
Passive Causative voice
past	m
	f
non-past	m
	f
imperative	c

Causative

Causative voice only exists for the first 4 groups; those are CVCC, CCVC, CCVV, CVVC. By default, a passive voice for this causative version exists.

For example: fsed ("to be corrupted spontaneously") can invoke {{aeb-verb/conj|fsed|e|cx=1}}

Conjugation of فسِد

Group CCVC		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
Active voice
past	m	فسِدت (fsedt)	فسِدت (fsedt)	فسِد (fsed)	فسِدنا (fsednə)	فسِدتُوا (fsedtu)	فِسدُوا (fesdu)
	f			فِسدِت (fesdet)
non-past	m	نِفسِد (nefsed)	تِفسِد (tefsed)	يِفسِد (yefsed)	نِفسدُوا (nefsdu)	تِفسدُوا (tefsdu)	يِفسدُوا (yefsdu)
	f			تِفسِد (tefsed)
imperative	c		اِفسِد (efsed)			اِفسدُوا (efsdu)
Passive voice
past	m
	f
non-past	m
	f
imperative	c
Causative voice
past	m	فَسِّدت (fassedt)	فَسِّدت (fassedt)	فَسِّد (fassed)	فَسِّدنا (fassednə)	فَسِّدتُوا (fassedtu)	فَسّدُوا (fassdu)
	f			فَسّدِت (fassdet)
non-past	m	نفَسِّد (nfassed)	تفَسِّد (tfassed)	يفَسِّد (yfassed)	نفَسّدُوا (nfassdu)	تفَسّدُوا (tfassdu)	يفَسّدُوا (yfassdu)
	f			تفَسِّد (tfassed)
imperative	c		فَسِّد (fassed)			فَسّدُوا (fassdu)
Passive Causative voice
past	m	تفَسِّدت (tfassedt)	تفَسِّدت (tfassedt)	تفَسِّد (tfassed)	تفَسِّدنا (tfassednə)	تفَسِّدتُوا (tfassedtu)	تفَسّدُوا (tfassdu)
	f			تفَسّدِت (tfassdet)
non-past	m	نِتفَسِّد (netfassed)	تِتفَسِّد (tetfassed)	يِتفَسِّد (yetfassed)	نِتفَسّدُوا (netfassdu)	تِتفَسّدُوا (tetfassdu)	يِتفَسّدُوا (yetfassdu)
	f			تِتفَسِّد (tetfassed)
imperative	c		اِتفَسِّد (etfassed)			اِتفَسّدُوا (etfassdu)

With the passive causative now meaning ("to be corrupted intentionally"). A similar distinction happens with fker ("to remember"):

Conjugation of فكِر

Group CCVC		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
Active voice
past	m	فكِرت (fkert)	فكِرت (fkert)	فكِر (fker)	فكِرنا (fkernə)	فكِرتُوا (fkertu)	فِكرُوا (fekru)
	f			فِكرِت (fekret)
non-past	m	نِفكِر (nefker)	تِفكِر (tefker)	يِفكِر (yefker)	نِفكرُوا (nefkru)	تِفكرُوا (tefkru)	يِفكرُوا (yefkru)
	f			تِفكِر (tefker)
imperative	c		اِفكِر (efker)			اِفكرُوا (efkru)
Passive voice
past	m
	f
non-past	m
	f
imperative	c
Causative voice
past	m	فَكِّرت (fakkert)	فَكِّرت (fakkert)	فَكِّر (fakker)	فَكِّرنا (fakkernə)	فَكِّرتُوا (fakkertu)	فَكّرُوا (fakkru)
	f			فَكّرِت (fakkret)
non-past	m	نفَكِّر (nfakker)	تفَكِّر (tfakker)	يفَكِّر (yfakker)	نفَكّرُوا (nfakkru)	تفَكّرُوا (tfakkru)	يفَكّرُوا (yfakkru)
	f			تفَكِّر (tfakker)
imperative	c		فَكِّر (fakker)			فَكّرُوا (fakkru)
Passive Causative voice
past	m	تفَكِّرت (tfakkert)	تفَكِّرت (tfakkert)	تفَكِّر (tfakker)	تفَكِّرنا (tfakkernə)	تفَكِّرتُوا (tfakkertu)	تفَكّرُوا (tfakkru)
	f			تفَكّرِت (tfakkret)
non-past	m	نِتفَكِّر (netfakker)	تِتفَكِّر (tetfakker)	يِتفَكِّر (yetfakker)	نِتفَكّرُوا (netfakkru)	تِتفَكّرُوا (tetfakkru)	يِتفَكّرُوا (yetfakkru)
	f			تِتفَكِّر (tetfakker)
imperative	c		اِتفَكِّر (etfakker)			اِتفَكّرُوا (etfakkru)

with 'fker' describing a thought that spontaneously crosses one's mind and 'tfakker' to force remembering the thought

Spelling conventions

Spelling it 'o' instead of 'u' is useful to represent [ʊ] and [u] differently. So is spelling it 'e' instead of 'i' to represent [ɘ] vs. [i]

Spelling final schwa as 'e' is more convenient than vague 'a' because suffixing rules wouldn't make sense otherwise:

• yense ("he forgot") + -he ("her") = yenseehe ("he forgot her") [jɘn.ˈse̞ː.hə]

-> A final schwa always becomes [e̞ː] when suffixed, never [ɐː] if it were to be spelled with 'a'.

In fact compare when it's a real final 'a' and not a schwa:

• naqra ("I study") + -he = nqraahe ("I study it") [jɐq.ˈrɐː.hə]

Distinction is crucial in certain cases. Compare ma ("it is because") and me ("not to be") whence māni ("It is because I ...") and mēnīš ("I am not")

Verb Groups

For the rest of this section, C denotes an Arabic consonant or its corresponding transliterated verb while V denotes a latin vowel in {a, e, i, o, u}

CVCC

Verbs of this form come only in two weaknesses, either 'e' or 'o' depending on its non-past form. For example, ḥaṭṭ ("to put") would take the weakness 'o' as it's nḥoṭṭ hence {{aeb-verb/conj|ḥaṭṭ|o}} or {{aeb-verb/conj|حaطط|o}}

Conjugation of حَطّ

Group CVCC		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
Active voice
past	m	حَطِّيت (ḥaṭṭīt)	حَطِّيت (ḥaṭṭīt)	حَطّ (ḥaṭṭ)	حَطِّينا (ḥaṭṭīnə)	حَطِّيتُوا (ḥaṭṭītu)	حَطُّوا (ḥaṭṭu)
	f			حَطِّت (ḥaṭṭet)
non-past	m	نحُطّ (nḥoṭṭ)	تحُطّ (tḥoṭṭ)	يحُطّ (yḥoṭṭ)	نحُطُّوا (nḥoṭṭu)	تحُطُّوا (tḥoṭṭu)	يحُطُّوا (yḥoṭṭu)
	f			تحُطّ (tḥoṭṭ)
imperative	c		حُطّ (ḥoṭṭ)			حُطُّوا (ḥoṭṭu)
Passive voice
past	m
	f
non-past	m
	f
imperative	c
Causative voice
past	m
	f
non-past	m
	f
imperative	c
Passive Causative voice
past	m
	f
non-past	m
	f
imperative	c

Whereas madd ("to hand something") would take 'e' as it's 'nmedd' hence {{aeb-verb/conj|madd|e}}

Conjugation of مَدّ

Group CVCC		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
Active voice
past	m	مَدِّيت (maddīt)	مَدِّيت (maddīt)	مَدّ (madd)	مَدِّينا (maddīnə)	مَدِّيتُوا (maddītu)	مَدُّوا (maddu)
	f			مَدِّت (maddet)
non-past	m	نمِدّ (nmedd)	تمِدّ (tmedd)	يمِدّ (ymedd)	نمِدُّوا (nmeddu)	تمِدُّوا (tmeddu)	يمِدُّوا (ymeddu)
	f			تمِدّ (tmedd)
imperative	c		مِدّ (medd)			مِدُّوا (meddu)
Passive voice
past	m
	f
non-past	m
	f
imperative	c
Causative voice
past	m
	f
non-past	m
	f
imperative	c
Passive Causative voice
past	m
	f
non-past	m
	f
imperative	c

CCVC

Possibilities: V is either 'e', 'o' or 'a'.

If V is 'e' or 'o', verbs are assigned a weakness automatically so it's left out therefore it's {{aeb-verb/conj|kteb}} and {{aeb-verb/conj|wṣol}}

Conjugation of كتِب

Group CCVC		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
Active voice
past	m	كتِبت (ktebt)	كتِبت (ktebt)	كتِب (kteb)	كتِبنا (ktebnə)	كتِبتُوا (ktebtu)	كِتبُوا (ketbu)
	f			كِتبِت (ketbet)
non-past	m	نِكتِب (nekteb)	تِكتِب (tekteb)	يِكتِب (yekteb)	نِكتبُوا (nektbu)	تِكتبُوا (tektbu)	يِكتبُوا (yektbu)
	f			تِكتِب (tekteb)
imperative	c		اِكتِب (ekteb)			اِكتبُوا (ektbu)
Passive voice
past	m
	f
non-past	m
	f
imperative	c
Causative voice
past	m
	f
non-past	m
	f
imperative	c
Passive Causative voice
past	m
	f
non-past	m
	f
imperative	c

Conjugation of وصُل

Group CCVC		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
Active voice
past	m	وصُلت (wṣolt)	وصُلت (wṣolt)	وصُل (wṣol)	وصُلنا (wṣolnə)	وصُلتُوا (wṣoltu)	وُصلُوا (woṣlu)
	f			وُصلِت (woṣlet)
non-past	m	نُوصِل (nūṣel)	تُوصِل (tūṣel)	يوصِل (yūṣel)	نُوصلُوا (nūṣlu)	تُوصلُوا (tūṣlu)	يوصلُوا (yūṣlu)
	f			تُوصِل (tūṣel)
imperative	c		اوصِل (ūṣel)			اوصلُوا (ūṣlu)
Passive voice
past	m
	f
non-past	m
	f
imperative	c
Causative voice
past	m
	f
non-past	m
	f
imperative	c
Passive Causative voice
past	m
	f
non-past	m
	f
imperative	c

If V is 'a', weakness is either 'a' or 'o', again according to its non-past form. Hence it's {{aeb-verb/conj|ʕmal|a}} for ʕmal ("to do") as its non-past is 'naʕmel' and {{aeb-verb/conj|ḵraj|o}} for ḵraj ("to leave") as it's 'noḵrej'

Conjugation of عمَل

Group CCVC		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
Active voice
past	m	عمَلت (ʕmalt)	عمَلت (ʕmalt)	عمَل (ʕmal)	عمَلنا (ʕmalnə)	عمَلتُوا (ʕmaltu)	عَملُوا (ʕamlu)
	f			عَملِت (ʕamlet)
non-past	m	نَعمِل (naʕmel)	تَعمِل (taʕmel)	يَعمِل (yaʕmel)	نَعملُوا (naʕmlu)	تَعملُوا (taʕmlu)	يَعملُوا (yaʕmlu)
	f			تَعمِل (taʕmel)
imperative	c		اَعمِل (aʕmel)			اَعملُوا (aʕmlu)
Passive voice
past	m
	f
non-past	m
	f
imperative	c
Causative voice
past	m
	f
non-past	m
	f
imperative	c
Passive Causative voice
past	m
	f
non-past	m
	f
imperative	c

Conjugation of خرَج

Group CCVC		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
Active voice
past	m	خرَجت (ḵrajt)	خرَجت (ḵrajt)	خرَج (ḵraj)	خرَجنا (ḵrajnə)	خرَجتُوا (ḵrajtu)	خَرجُوا (ḵarju)
	f			خَرجِت (ḵarjet)
non-past	m	نُخرِج (noḵrej)	تُخرِج (toḵrej)	يُخرِج (yoḵrej)	نُخرجُوا (noḵrju)	تُخرجُوا (toḵrju)	يُخرجُوا (yoḵrju)
	f			تُخرِج (toḵrej)
imperative	c		اُخرِج (oḵrej)			اُخرجُوا (oḵrju)
Passive voice
past	m
	f
non-past	m
	f
imperative	c
Causative voice
past	m
	f
non-past	m
	f
imperative	c
Passive Causative voice
past	m
	f
non-past	m
	f
imperative	c

CCVV

Long vowels denoted with macrons would need to be broken down into two repeated vowels.

Possibilities: V is either 'a' or 'e'

There are 3 possible weakness: 'i', 'e' or 'a' depending on the verb's non pas form

• mšee ("to go") becomes nemši so {{aeb-verb/conj|mšee|i|am=1}}

Conjugation of مشِى

Group CCVV		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
Active voice
past	m	مشِيت (mšīt)	مشِيت (mšīt)	مشِى (mše)	مشِينا (mšīnə)	مشِيتُوا (mšītu)	مشِاوا (mšēw)
	f			مشِات (mšēt)
non-past	m	نِمشِي (nemši)	تِمشِي (temši)	يِمشِي (yemši)	نِمشِيوا (nemšīw)	تِمشِيوا (temšīw)	يِمشِيوا (yemšīw)
	f			تِمشِي (temši)
imperative	c		اِمشِي (emši)			اِمشِيوا (emšīw)
Passive voice
past	m
	f
non-past	m
	f
imperative	c
Causative voice
past	m
	f
non-past	m
	f
imperative	c
Passive Causative voice
past	m
	f
non-past	m
	f
imperative	c

• qraa ("to study") becomes naqra so {{aeb-verb/conj|qraa|a}}

Conjugation of قرَا

Group CCVV		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
Active voice
past	m	قرِيت (qrīt)	قرِيت (qrīt)	قرَا (qra)	قرِينا (qrīnə)	قرِيتُوا (qrītu)	قرَاوا (qrāw)
	f			قرَات (qrāt)
non-past	m	نَقرَا (naqra)	تَقرَا (taqra)	يَقرَا (yaqra)	نَقرَاوا (naqrāw)	تَقرَاوا (taqrāw)	يَقرَاوا (yaqrāw)
	f			تَقرَا (taqra)
imperative	c		اَقرَا (aqra)			اَقرَاوا (aqrāw)
Passive voice
past	m
	f
non-past	m
	f
imperative	c
Causative voice
past	m
	f
non-past	m
	f
imperative	c
Passive Causative voice
past	m
	f
non-past	m
	f
imperative	c

• nsee ("to forget") becomes nense so {{aeb-verb/conj|nsee|e|am=1}}

Conjugation of نسِى

Group CCVV		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
Active voice
past	m	نسِيت (nsīt)	نسِيت (nsīt)	نسِى (nse)	نسِينا (nsīnə)	نسِيتُوا (nsītu)	نسِاوا (nsēw)
	f			نسِات (nsēt)
non-past	m	نِنسى (nensə)	تِنسى (tensə)	يِنسى (yensə)	نِنسِاوا (nensēw)	تِنسِاوا (tensēw)	يِنسِاوا (yensēw)
	f			تِنسى (tensə)
imperative	c		اِنسى (ensə)			اِنسِاوا (ensēw)
Passive voice
past	m
	f
non-past	m
	f
imperative	c
Causative voice
past	m
	f
non-past	m
	f
imperative	c
Passive Causative voice
past	m
	f
non-past	m
	f
imperative	c

When unsure between 'a' or 'e', take the non-past plural forms: it's nenseeo not nensaao

CVVC

Long vowels denoted with macrons would need to be broken down into two repeated vowels

Possibilities: VV is either 'ee' or 'aa'

Weaknesses are determined by both past and non-past forms:

• qaal ("to say") becomes qolt/nqūl so the weakness is 'ou': {{aeb-verb/conj|qaal|ou}}

Conjugation of قَال

Group CVVC		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
Active voice
past	m	قُلت (qolt)	قُلت (qolt)	قَال (qāl)	قُلنا (qolnə)	قُلتُوا (qoltu)	قَالُوا (qālu)
	f			قَالِت (qālet)
non-past	m	نقُول (nqūl)	تقُول (tqūl)	يقُول (yqūl)	نقُولُوا (nqūlu)	تقُولُوا (tqūlu)	يقُولُوا (yqūlu)
	f			تقُول (tqūl)
imperative	c		قُول (qūl)			قُولُوا (qūlu)
Passive voice
past	m
	f
non-past	m
	f
imperative	c
Causative voice
past	m
	f
non-past	m
	f
imperative	c
Passive Causative voice
past	m
	f
non-past	m
	f
imperative	c

• zeed ("to add") becomes zedt/nzīd so the weakness is 'ei': {{aeb-verb/conj|zeed|ei}}

Conjugation of زِاد

Group CVVC		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
Active voice
past	m	زِدت (zedt)	زِدت (zedt)	زِاد (zēd)	زِدنا (zednə)	زِدتُوا (zedtu)	زِادُوا (zēdu)
	f			زِادِت (zēdet)
non-past	m	نزِيد (nzīd)	تزِيد (tzīd)	يزِيد (yzīd)	نزِيدُوا (nzīdu)	تزِيدُوا (tzīdu)	يزِيدُوا (yzīdu)
	f			تزِيد (tzīd)
imperative	c		زِيد (zīd)			زِيدُوا (zīdu)
Passive voice
past	m
	f
non-past	m
	f
imperative	c
Causative voice
past	m
	f
non-past	m
	f
imperative	c
Passive Causative voice
past	m
	f
non-past	m
	f
imperative	c

• ḍaaʕ ("to be lost") becomes ḍoʕt/nḍīʕ so the weakness is 'oi': {{aeb-verb/conj|ḍaaʕ|oi}}

Conjugation of ضَاع

Group CVVC		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
Active voice
past	m	ضُعت (ḍoʕt)	ضُعت (ḍoʕt)	ضَاع (ḍāʕ)	ضُعنا (ḍoʕnə)	ضُعتُوا (ḍoʕtu)	ضَاعُوا (ḍāʕu)
	f			ضَاعِت (ḍāʕet)
non-past	m	نضِيع (nḍīʕ)	تضِيع (tḍīʕ)	يضِيع (yḍīʕ)	نضِيعُوا (nḍīʕu)	تضِيعُوا (tḍīʕu)	يضِيعُوا (yḍīʕu)
	f			تضِيع (tḍīʕ)
imperative	c		ضِيع (ḍīʕ)			ضِيعُوا (ḍīʕu)
Passive voice
past	m
	f
non-past	m
	f
imperative	c
Causative voice
past	m
	f
non-past	m
	f
imperative	c
Passive Causative voice
past	m
	f
non-past	m
	f
imperative	c

• ḵaaf ("to be afraid") becomes ḵoft/nḵāf so the weakness is 'oa': {{aeb-verb/conj|ḵaaf|oa}}

Conjugation of خَاف

Group CVVC		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
Active voice
past	m	خُفت (ḵoft)	خُفت (ḵoft)	خَاف (ḵāf)	خُفنا (ḵofnə)	خُفتُوا (ḵoftu)	خَافُوا (ḵāfu)
	f			خَافِت (ḵāfet)
non-past	m	نخَاف (nḵāf)	تخَاف (tḵāf)	يخَاف (yḵāf)	نخَافُوا (nḵāfu)	تخَافُوا (tḵāfu)	يخَافُوا (yḵāfu)
	f			تخَاف (tḵāf)
imperative	c		خَاف (ḵāf)			خَافُوا (ḵāfu)
Passive voice
past	m
	f
non-past	m
	f
imperative	c
Causative voice
past	m
	f
non-past	m
	f
imperative	c
Passive Causative voice
past	m
	f
non-past	m
	f
imperative	c

• beet ("to sleep over") becomes bett/nbēt so the weakness is 'ee': {{aeb-verb/conj|beet|ee}}

Conjugation of بِات

Group CVVC		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
Active voice
past	m	بِتّ (bett)	بِتّ (bett)	بِات (bēt)	بِتنا (betnə)	بِتُّوا (bettu)	بِاتُوا (bētu)
	f			بِاتِت (bētet)
non-past	m	نبِات (nbēt)	تبِات (tbēt)	يبِات (ybēt)	نبِاتُوا (nbētu)	تبِاتُوا (tbētu)	يبِاتُوا (ybētu)
	f			تبِات (tbēt)
imperative	c		بِات (bēt)			بِاتُوا (bētu)
Passive voice
past	m
	f
non-past	m
	f
imperative	c
Causative voice
past	m
	f
non-past	m
	f
imperative	c
Passive Causative voice
past	m
	f
non-past	m
	f
imperative	c

V1

Verbs that end in a -CV sequence, no weakness required. For example: ḵabbe ("to hide")

Write the final schwa as 'e'

{{aeb-verb/conj|ḵabbe|am=1}}

Conjugation of خَبّى

Group V1		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
Active voice
past	m	خَبِّيت (ḵabbīt)	خَبِّيت (ḵabbīt)	خَبّى (ḵabbə)	خَبِّينا (ḵabbīnə)	خَبِّيتُوا (ḵabbītu)	خَبِّاوا (ḵabbēw)
	f			خَبِّات (ḵabbēt)
non-past	m	نخَبِّي (nḵabbi)	تخَبِّي (tḵabbi)	يخَبِّي (yḵabbi)	نخَبِّيوا (nḵabbīw)	تخَبِّيوا (tḵabbīw)	يخَبِّيوا (yḵabbīw)
	f			تخَبِّي (tḵabbi)
imperative	c		خَبِّي (ḵabbi)			خَبِّيوا (ḵabbīw)
Passive voice
past	m
	f
non-past	m
	f
imperative	c
Causative voice
past	m
	f
non-past	m
	f
imperative	c
Passive Causative voice
past	m
	f
non-past	m
	f
imperative	c

V2

Verbs that end in a -VC sequence, no weakness required. For example ḥammel ("to hug")

{{aeb-verb/conj|ḥammel}}

Conjugation of حَمِّل

Group V2		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
Active voice
past	m	حَمِّلت (ḥammelt)	حَمِّلت (ḥammelt)	حَمِّل (ḥammel)	حَمِّلنا (ḥammelnə)	حَمِّلتُوا (ḥammeltu)	حَمّلُوا (ḥammlu)
	f			حَمّلِت (ḥammlet)
non-past	m	نحَمِّل (nḥammel)	تحَمِّل (tḥammel)	يحَمِّل (yḥammel)	نحَمّلُوا (nḥammlu)	تحَمّلُوا (tḥammlu)	يحَمّلُوا (yḥammlu)
	f			تحَمِّل (tḥammel)
imperative	c		حَمِّل (ḥammel)			حَمّلُوا (ḥammlu)
Passive voice
past	m
	f
non-past	m
	f
imperative	c
Causative voice
past	m
	f
non-past	m
	f
imperative	c
Passive Causative voice
past	m
	f
non-past	m
	f
imperative	c

V3

Long vowels denoted with macrons would need to be broken down into two repeated vowels

Verbs that end in a -VVC, no weakness required. For example: ṣṭaad ("to hunt")

{{aeb-verb/conj|ṣṭaad}}

Conjugation of صطَاد

Group V3		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
Active voice
past	m	صطَدت (ṣṭadt)	صطَدت (ṣṭadt)	صطَاد (ṣṭād)	صطَدنا (ṣṭadnə)	صطَدتُوا (ṣṭadtu)	صطَادُوا (ṣṭādu)
	f			صطَادِت (ṣṭādet)
non-past	m	نِصطَاد (neṣṭād)	تِصطَاد (teṣṭād)	يِصطَاد (yeṣṭād)	نِصطَادُوا (neṣṭādu)	تِصطَادُوا (teṣṭādu)	يِصطَادُوا (yeṣṭādu)
	f			تِصطَاد (teṣṭād)
imperative	c		اِصطَاد (eṣṭād)			اِصطَادُوا (eṣṭādu)
Passive voice
past	m
	f
non-past	m
	f
imperative	c
Causative voice
past	m
	f
non-past	m
	f
imperative	c
Passive Causative voice
past	m
	f
non-past	m
	f
imperative	c

Passive verbs

Verbs that start with, the highly productive suffix, t(e)- which don't figure in the root are passive voice verbs. You would need to identify the original verb, and only when it's CVVC are you required to provide its weakness.

For example tzeed ("to get increased") would require you to realize it's t + 'zeed' then provide the weakness of 'zeed' that is 'ei' hence {{aeb-verb/conj|tzeed|e}}

Conjugation of تزِاد

Group PCVVC		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
Active voice
past	m	تزِدت (tzedt)	تزِدت (tzedt)	تزِاد (tzēd)	تزِدنا (tzednə)	تزِدتُوا (tzedtu)	تزِادُوا (tzēdu)
	f			تزِادِت (tzēdet)
non-past	m	نِتزِاد (netzēd)	تِتزِاد (tetzēd)	يِتزِاد (yetzēd)	نِتزِادُوا (netzēdu)	تِتزِادُوا (tetzēdu)	يِتزِادُوا (yetzēdu)
	f			تِتزِاد (tetzēd)
imperative	c		اِتزِاد (etzēd)			اِتزِادُوا (etzēdu)
Passive voice
past	m
	f
non-past	m
	f
imperative	c
Causative voice
past	m
	f
non-past	m
	f
imperative	c
Passive Causative voice
past	m
	f
non-past	m
	f
imperative	c

Same logic with the subgroup of verbs starting with st(a)- Example: stfee = st + feed so {{aeb-verb/conj|stfeed|ei}}

Conjugation of ستفِاد

Group PCVVC		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
Active voice
past	m	ستفِدت (stfedt)	ستفِدت (stfedt)	ستفِاد (stfēd)	ستفِدنا (stfednə)	ستفِدتُوا (stfedtu)	ستفِادُوا (stfēdu)
	f			ستفِادِت (stfēdet)
non-past	m	نِستفِاد (nestfēd)	تِستفِاد (testfēd)	يِستفِاد (yestfēd)	نِستفِادُوا (nestfēdu)	تِستفِادُوا (testfēdu)	يِستفِادُوا (yestfēdu)
	f			تِستفِاد (testfēd)
imperative	c		اِستفِاد (estfēd)			اِستفِادُوا (estfēdu)
Passive voice
past	m
	f
non-past	m
	f
imperative	c
Causative voice
past	m
	f
non-past	m
	f
imperative	c
Passive Causative voice
past	m
	f
non-past	m
	f
imperative	c

On the Actual Formulae of Conjugation

Apart from jee, klee and ḵḏee, the imperative is always the non-past tense form minus the prefix

What's going to be called the infinitive is the 3rd person singular masculine (He) past tense form

CVCC

Let w denote the weakness, that is 'e' or 'o'.

Conjugation of CVCC verbs

		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
Past	m	CVCC + īt	CVCC + īt	CVCC	CVCC + īnə	CVCC + ītu	CVCC + u
	f			CVCC + et
Non-Past	m	n + C + w + CC	t + C + w + CC	y + C + w + CC	n + C + w + CC + u	t + C + w + CC + u	y + C + w + CC + u
	f			t + C + w + CC
Infinitive	c		C + w + CC			C + w + CC + u

CCVC

Let w denote the weakness that is 'a', 'e' or 'o'.

Conjugation of CCVC verbs

		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
Past	m	CCVC + t	CCVC + t	CCVC	CCVC + nə	CCVC + tu	CVCC + u
	f			CVCC + et
Non-Past	m	n + w + CC + e + C	t + w + CC + e + C	y + w + CC + e + C	n + w + CCC + u	t + w + CCC + u	y + w + CCC + u
	f			t + w + CC + e + C
Infinitive	c		w + CC + e + C			w + CCC + u

CCVV

Let ŵ denote the weakness, that is 'a', 'e' or 'i'; not to confuse it for the letter 'w'.

Let x be 'a' if w is 'a' otherwise 'e'

Conjugation of CCVV verbs

		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
Past	m	CC + īt	CC + īt	CCVV	CC + īnə	CC + ītu	CC + ŵ*2 + w
	f			CC + ŵ*2 + t
Non-Past	m	n + x + CC + ŵ	t + x + CC + ŵ	y + x + CC + ŵ	n + x + CC + ŵ*2 + w	t + x + CC + ŵ*2 + w	y + x + CC + ŵ*2 + w
	f			t + x + CC + ŵ
Infinitive	c		x + CC + ŵ			x + CC + ŵ*2 + w

Nuances

In certain dialects, infix ŵ*2 is reduced to just 'e'

CVVC

Let w be the weakness that comes in pairs: past weakness ẁ and non-past weakness ẃ; w=(ẁ,ẃ) that is (o,u), (e,i), (e,e), (o,i) or (o,a)

Conjugation of CVVC verbs

		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
Past	m	C + ẁ + C + t	C + ẁ + C + t	CVVC	C + ẁ + C + nə	C + ẁ + C + tu	CVVC + u
	f			CVVC + et
Non-Past	m	n + C + ẃ*2 + C	t + C + ẃ*2 + C	y + C + ẃ + C	n + C + ẃ*2 + C + u	t + C + ẃ*2 + C + u	y + C + ẃ*2 + C + u
	f			t + C + ẃ*2 + C
Infinitive	c		C + ẃ*2 + C			C + ẃ*2 + C + u

V1

No weakness needed

Let the infinitive be denoted #V where # is the whole verb but the last vowel.

Let ę be an epenthetic 'e' only inserted when the first two successive letters of # are consonants

Conjugation of V1 verbs

		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
Past	m	# + īt	# + īt	#	# + īnə	# + ītu	# + V*2 + w
	f			# + V*2 + t
Non-Past	m	n + ę + # + i	t + ę + # + i	y + ę + # + i	n + ę + # + īw	t + ę + # + īw	y + ę + # + īw
	f			t + ę + # + i
Infinitive	c		ę + # + i			ę + # + īw

Nuances

In certain dialects:

• īw and V*2 + u are reduced to u.
• In imperative, the initial epenthetic is omitted hence eg. stannə instead of estannə

V2

Let the infinitive be #VC

Conjugation of V2 verbs

		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
Past	m	#VC + t	#VC + t	#VC	#VC + nə	#VC + tu	#C + u
	f			#C + et
Non-Past	m	n + ę + #VC	t + ę + #VC	y + ę + #VC	n + ę + #C + u	t + ę + #C + u	y + ę + #C + u
	f			t + ę + #VC
Infinitive	c		ę + #VC			ę + #C + u

Nuances

In certian dialects, the epenthetic is omitted in imperative hence eg. staʕmel instead of estaʕmel

V3

Let the infinitive be #VVC

Conjugation of V3 verbs

		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
Past	m	#VC + t	#VC + t	#VVC	#VC + nə	#VC + tu	#VVC + u
	f			#VVC + et
Non-Past	m	n + ę + #VVC	t + ę + #VVC	y + ę + #VVC	n + ę + #VVC + u	t + ę + #VVC + u	y + ę + #VVC + u
	f			t + ę + #VVC
Infinitive	c		ę + #VVC			ę + #VVC + u

Nuances

In certain dialects:

• epenthetic ę is compromized for V itself in certain verbs, especially when emphatic consonants are present
• epenthetic is omitted in imperative hence ṣṭaad instead of eṣṭād or aṣṭād

Passive

Past tense

Basically take the original past verb conjugations of the stem verb (ie. sans tę prefix) then prefix it back with tę.

Passive

	singular				plural
	1st person	2nd person	3rd person masculine	3rd person feminine	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
Past tense
zēd	zedt	zedt	zēd	zēdet	zednə	zedtu	zēdu
tzēd	tzedt	tzedt	tzēd	tzēdet	tzednə	tzedtu	tzēdu

Non-past tense

You would simply take the infinitive passive and surround it by prefixes and suffixes with corresponding persons (ie: ne .., te .., ye .., ne .. u, te .. u, ye .. u)

Passive

	singular				plural
	1st person	2nd person	3rd person masculine	3rd person feminine	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
Non-past tense
tzēd	netzēd	tetzēd	yetzēd	tetzēd	netzēdu	tetzēdu	yetzēdu

Same logic goes for stą- verbs.

Lexical Stress

Let C represent a consonant cluster and V represent a vowel sound with VV representing a long vowel

Hypehnation

• #(V)VCV(V)# $\to$ #(V)V-CV(V)#
• #(V)VCCV(V)# $\to$ #(V)VC-CV(V)#
• #(V)VCCCV(V)# $\to$ #(V)VCC-CV(V)#
• * #(V)VCCCCV(V)# $\to$ #(V)VCC-CCV(V)#

Rule

• Stress is either ultimate or penultimate.
• The heavier syllable attracts stress
• From heaviest to lightest:

1. CVVC
2. CVV
3. CVC / VC
4. CV

• If the two last syllables share the same characterization, that with the most amount of consonants wins. With coda consonants weighing twice as much than onset's
• If they still draw, the penultimate wins by default
• An accute accent can be used to help indicate the stressed syllable.

Examples

Examples on stress in Tunisian

English	Lemma	Hyphenation	Characterization	Stress	IPA	Notation		Notes
		Standard adapted				Wiktionary
trick	faaze	FAA-ze	CVV-CV	CVV	['fɐː.zə]	fáaze	fā́zə
tricks	faazeet	faa-ZEET	CVV-CVVC	CVVC	[fɐː.'ze̞ːt]	faazéet	fāzḗt
his trick	faazto	FAAZ-to	CVVC-CV	CVVC	['fɐːz.tu]	fáazto	fā́ztu
it is struck	yetḍrab	yet-ḌRAB	CVC-C²VC	C²VC	[jɘt.'ðˤrɐb]	yetḍráb		Both syllables are characterized as CVC but the second has a higher consonant count in onset so it wins the stress
I left overnight	bayyett	bay-YETT	CVC-CVC²	CVC²	[bæj.'jɘt:]	bayyétt		Same note, now in coda
to leave overnight	bayyet	BAY-yet	CVC-CVC	first	['bæj.jɘt]	báyyet		They're both characterized the same and weigh the same so stress rests on the penultimate by default
you leave overnight	tbayyet	TBAY-yet	C²VC-CVC	C²VC	['tbæj.jɘt]	tbáyyet
constitution	dostour	dos-TOUR	CVC-CVVC	CVVC	[dʊs.'tuːr]	dostóur	dostū́r
structure	structuur	struc-TUUR	CVC-CVVC	CVVC	[stryk.'tyːr ~ -ʏk-]	structúur	stüktǘür
structured	structuree	struc-tu-REE	CV-CVV	CVV	[strʏk.ty.'re̞]	structurée	strüctüré
it stinks	tenten	TEN-ten	CVC-CVC	first	['tɘn.tɘn]	ténten		defaults to penultimate
penniless	franclee	FRANC-lee	CVC-CV	CVC	['fraŋk.le̞]	fránclee	fránkle

Passive

Since past tense passive voice relies on a prefix with an unstable epenthetic, the stress no longer default to penultimate when both are similary characterized and equally weighing. In this case, stress defaults to the ultimate.

"to be written" is tę + kteb -> tekteb. A CVC-CVC characterization that should render a penultimate stress but since this is a passive construction where tę is in the penultimate, stress would re-rout to ultimate hence: tektéb

By contrast, tékteb would be the regular non-past conjugation that is "You/she write(s)"

Notes

Stress is a defining feature in Tunisian compared to other Maghrebi varieties. Break some of those rules and you might sound Algerian or Moroccan, e.g. when stressing a final CV syllable when instead, the penultimate should be stressed.

On Etymology

On a note:

• CVCC and CCVC correspond to strong Arabic form I verbs
• CVVC corresponds to hollow form I verbs
• CCVV corresponds to defective form I verbs
• V1 corresponds to defective form II and form III verbs or any adapted verb of loanword status. This group is the go-to form for loanwords intended to become verbs in Tunisian. Compare laage ("to lag") and varfe ("to verify")
• V2 corresponds to strong form II verbs and a few nativized verbs of loanword status. Compare facter ("to charge")
• V3 corresponds to form IX
• Passive verbs are categorized by their root verb with a P prefix. So kteb ("to write") is CCVC and tekteb ("to be written") is PCCVC. Effective making passive conjugations tied to a brand new verb, ultimately settling 14 verb groups out there.