User:AmazingJus/mongolian
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This template automatically generates pronunciation and syllabification of Mongolian entries, using Module:mn-IPA as a backend.
Parameters
[edit]|1=- The word that should be converted. It is set to
{{PAGENAME}}by default. |ru=1- (optional) Used for Russian loanwords which use slightly different rules in converting pronunciation. This is automatically switched on if an acute accent marking stress is present in the word, however, this can be turned off for non-Russian words that still require stress marking. Note stress marks must be present if this parameter is turned on.
Substitution notation
[edit]*: Used to mark stem-final boundaries.~: Used to mark non-silent final vowels.': Used to mark stress, otherwise stress is deterimed according to Mongolian phonological rules (see below).
Examples
[edit]- ууртайгаар (uurtajgaar, “angrily”)
- галуу (galuu, “goose”)
- уншсан (unšsan, “read”)
Details
[edit]Consonants
[edit]| Letter | Transliteration | Phonemic | Phonetic | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| plain | palatal | plain | palatal | ||
| б[1] | b | /b/ | /bʲ/ | [b] | [bʲ] |
| в | v | /w/ | /wʲ/ | [w̜] | [w̜ʲ] |
| г[2] | g | /ɢ/ | [ɢ], [ʁ], [q][3] | - | |
| /ɡ/ | /ɡʲ/ | [ɡ], [k] | [ɟ] | ||
| д | d | /t/ | /tʲ/ | [t] | [tʲ] |
| ж | ž | /t͡ɕ/ | [t͡ɕ] | ||
| з | z | /t͡s/ | [t͡s] | ||
| к[4] | k | /kʰ/ | /kʲʰ/ | [kʰ][5] | [kʲʰ] |
| л | l | /ɮ/ | /ɮʲ/ | [ɮ], [ɬ] | [ɮʲ], [ɬʲ] |
| м | m | /m/ | /mʲ/ | [m] | [mʲ] |
| н[6] | n | /n/ | /nʲ/ | [n] | [nʲ] |
| п[7] | p | /pʰ/ | /pʲʰ/ | [pʰ][5] | [pʲʰ] |
| р | r | /r/ | /rʲ/ | [r] | [rʲ] |
| с | s | /s/ | [s] | ||
| т | t | /tʰ/ | /tʲʰ/ | [tʰ][5] | [tʲʰ] |
| ф[4] | f | /f/ | [f] | ||
| х | h | /x/ | /xʲ/ | [x], [χ] | [ç] |
| ц | ts | /t͡sʰ/ | [t͡sʰ][5] | ||
| ч | č | /t͡ɕʰ/ | [t͡ɕʰ] | ||
| ш | š | /ʃ/ | [ʃ] | ||
| щ[4] | šč | /ʃt͡ɕ/ | [ɕt͡ɕ] | ||
- ^ In native words, /b/ is only found word-initially or after л, м, в; it may thus alternatively be considered an allophone of /w/.
- ^ /ɡ/, [ɡ] and /ɢ/, [ʁ] are complementary distributed realizations of г: /ɢ/ is found before −ATR vowels and /ɡ/, [ɡ] is found before +ATR, neutral vowels and at the end of syllables.
- ^ /ɢ/ has several phonetic allophones: [ɢ] is found word-initially, [ʁ] word-medial, and [q] word-final. Exceptions are listed in this section.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 к, ф and щ are only found in loanwords. In colloquial speech, they may be adapted as /x, pʰ, ʃ/ respectively.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Aspirated consonants are preaspirated in medial and final positions, i.e. /ʰ/ will go before the consonant in question instead of after in the phonetic transcription.
- ^ Represents /ŋ/, [ŋ] at the end of a word and before г, х, ш.
- ^ Outside of loanwords, /pʰ/ is only found word-initially in interjections and ideophones.
Devoicing
[edit]Voiced consonants, as well as vowels, are devoiced before an aspirated consonant, where the latter consonant is also de-aspirated. Note that this is only shown in the phonetic transcription:
| Voiced | Devoiced | Letter | Devoiced |
|---|---|---|---|
| б[1] | ?? | в | [f] |
| г | [x] | л | [ɬ] |
| м | [m̥] | н | [n̥] |
| р | [r̥] | ||
- ^ Not found in native words.
Vowels
[edit]- Long vowels are only found in the first syllable and written doubled, e.g. хаалга (xaalga).
- Short vowels are written with a single letter in word-initial syllables and double otherwise, e.g. нөхцөл (nöxcöl), даваа (davaa).
- Reduced vowels are only found in non-initial syllables and are written with a single letter.
| Type | Letter | Transliteration | Phonemic | Phonetic | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| long | short | reduced | long | short | reduced | |||
| +ATR (front vowels) |
е | je ji jö | /jeː/, /jiː/, /joː/ | /je/, /ji/, /jo/ | /jə/ | [jeː], [jiː], [joː] | [je], [ji], [jʊ] | ?? |
| ё | jo | /jɔː/ | /jɔ/ | [jɔ̙ː] | [jɔ̙] | [i] | ||
| ө | ö | /oː/ | /o/ | /ə/ | [oː] | [ʊ] | [ʊ̈] | |
| ү | ü | /uː/ | /u/ | - | [uː] | [u] | - | |
| э | e | /eː/ | /e/, /i/ | /ə/ | [eː] | [e], [i] | [ɪ] | |
| −ATR (back vowels) |
а | a | /aː/ | /a/ | [aː] | [a] | [ɐ], [ɵ̙] | |
| о | o | /ɔː/ | /ɔ/ | [ɔ̙ː] | [ɔ̙] | [ɞ̙] | ||
| у | u | /ʊː/ | /ʊ/ | - | [o̙ː] | [o̙] | - | |
| ю | ju jü | /jʊː/, /juː/ | /jʊ/, /ju/ | [jo̙ː], [juː] | [jo̙], [jɔ̙] | |||
| я | ja | /jaː/ | /ja/ | /jə/ | ?? | ?? | ?? | |
| Neutral | и[1] | i | /⁽ʲ⁾iː/ | /⁽ʲ⁾i/ | [⁽ʲ⁾iː] | [⁽ʲ⁾i] | [⁽ʲ⁾ɪ] | |
| ы | y | - | /i/ | - | - | [i] | - | |
| ь[2] | ʹ | /ʲ/ | [ʲ] | |||||
Digraphs
[edit]| Type | Digraph | Transliteration | Phonemic | Phonetic |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| +ATR (front vowels) |
үй | üj | /ui̯/ | [ue̯] |
| эй | ej | /ei̯/ | [e] | |
| −ATR (back vowels) |
ай | aj | /ai̯/ | [æe̯] |
| ой | oj | /ɔi̯/ | [ɞe̯] | |
| уй | uj | /ʊi̯/ | [ɵe̯] |
Stress
[edit]- The rightmost non-final heavy syllable is stressed.
- However, the final syllable is stressed when only the final syllable is heavy.
- The first syllable is stressed if no other syllable is heavy.